Evaluation for associations amongst Giardia duodenalis assemblages and diarrhea in dogs

Scorza, Andrea; Buch, Jesse; Franco, Patricia; McDonald, Cassandra; Chandrashekar, Ramaswamy; Lappin, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109581

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…While the diagnostic performances of ELISA for Gd antigen detection and PCR are similar, 1 the lack of PCR precluded identifying specific Gd assemblages. Nevertheless, presence of diarrhea has been reported to be unassociated with particular Gd assemblages in dogs 48 . Finally, in our study no investigation was conducted for presence of parasitic coinfections, precluding examining the potential impact of such coinfections on clinical signs and the fecal microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Giardiasis and diarrhea in dogs: Does the microbiome matter?

Kuzi,

Zgairy,

Byrne

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundGiardia duodenalis (Gd) causes intestinal parasitosis. The involvement of the intestinal microbiome in determining the infection's clinical phenotype is unknown.ObjectiveInvestigate the fecal microbiome features in dogs with giardiasis.Animals and MethodsCross‐sectional study, including fecal samples of kenneled dogs with Gd diagnosed by fecal Giardia antigen dot ELISA. The fecal microbial compositional characteristics and dysbiosis index (DI) were compared between diarrheic and nondiarrheic dogs.ResultsFecal samples of 38 Gd‐infected dogs (diarrheic, 21; nondiarrheic, 17) were included. No differences were found in Faith's phylogenic diversity and beta diversity (weighted UniFrac distances) and in specific taxa abundances at the phylum, genus, and species levels, as well as in alpha and beta diversities between diarrheic and nondiarrheic dogs, and also when divided by sex or age. Among diarrheic dogs, alpha diversity was higher in males than in females (pairwise Kruskal‐Wallis, q = 0.01). Among males, fecal abundances of the genus Clostridium (W = 19) and Clostridium spiroforme species (W = 33) were higher in diarrheic compared to nondiarrheic dogs. In diarrheic dog fecal samples, Proteobacteria were more prevalent (W = 1), whereas Verrucomicrobia were less prevalent in dogs <1 year of age than in older dogs. The fecal sample DI of 19 diarrheic and 19 nondiarrheic dogs was similar (median, −0.2; range, −4.3 to 4.5 and median, −1.0; range, −4.3 to 5.8, respectively).ConclusionsThe fecal microbial composition of symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs with giardiasis is similar. Based on fecal DI, giardiasis is not characterized by prominent dysbiosis. Other host and parasite characteristics might determine the severity of giardiasis in dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Giardiasis and diarrhea in dogs: Does the microbiome matter?

Kuzi,

Zgairy,

Byrne

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Feces were also evaluated by fecal flotation and Giardia/Cryptosporidium IFA. After the SNAP Giardia assay was performed, 2 grams of feces had the assemblage determined as previously described [4]. The fecal flotation and fluorescent antibody assay were performed again on Day 5 or the day the dog was adopted.…”

Section: Experiments 2-clinical Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Commercially Available Electrolyte Solution on Acute, Non-Specific Diarrhea in Dogs

Davis¹,

Franco²,

Isdale³

et al. 2023

OJVM

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Purpose: To determine if a commercially available electrolyte solution is safe and lessens the duration and severity of diarrhea in shelter dogs in stressful situations. Methods: In Experiment 1, six healthy beagles were administered the protocol-approved dose of the electrolyte solution to evaluate clinical, biochemical, or fecal microbiome changes. In Experiment 2, 22 dogs with small or large bowel diarrhea were randomized into one of three groups: the electrolyte solution and a prescription veterinary diet, a placebo and a prescription veterinary diet, or the electrolyte solution and a standard diet. A fecal score was assigned by trained, masked observers through Day 5 using the Purina 7-point fecal scoring system. All dogs were screened for enteric parasites by fecal flotation and the use of a fluorescence antibody assay for Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and all dogs that were parasitized How to cite this paper:

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“…Ob ein infiziertes Tier asymptomatisch bleibt oder klinische Symptome entwickelt, hängt vom Gesundheitsstatus, Ernährungszustand, Alter und Immunstatus ab 10 13 61 62 . Bisher gibt es keine Hinweise darauf, dass Durchfall durch die Infektion mit einer bestimmten Assemblage ausgelöst wird 23 63 . Des Weiteren konnte eine Studie von 2019 keine Korrelation zwischen der Menge der ausgeschiedenen Giardienzysten und der Kotkonsistenz nachweisen 10 .…”

Section: Symptomatikunclassified

“…Bei jungen Hunden und Katzen unter 6 Monaten kann die Prävalenz auf bis zu 50 % ansteigen. Ein vermehrtes Auftreten konnte ebenfalls bei Hunden aller Altersstufen aus Tierheimen und bei Jagdhunden nachgewiesen werden 4 5 8 10 11 12 23 36 53 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 . Bezüglich der Prävalenz der Giardiose bei symptomatischen und asymptomatischen Tieren finden sich in der Literatur unterschiedliche Ergebnisse.…”

Section: Prävalenzunclassified

Ein Update zur felinen und caninen Giardiose

Kanski,

Weber,

Busch

2023

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere

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Zusammenfassung Giardia duodenalis ist ein fakultativ pathogener Darmparasit. Die Giardiose bei Hund und Katze kann symptomatisch oder asymptomatisch verlaufen, wobei typische Symptome Durchfall mit und ohne Erbrechen sind. Die Prävalenz bei Jungtieren ist hoch und kann bis zu 50 % betragen. Es gibt 8 verschiedene Genotypen (A–H), welche als Assemblages bezeichnet werden. Bei Hunden kommen am häufigsten die Assemblages C und D und bei Katzen die Assemblages F und A vor. Tiere können somit auch mit den zoonotischen Assemblages A und B oder auch mit mehreren Genotypen gleichzeitig infiziert sein. Als Diagnostikmethoden werden der Immunfluoreszenztest (IFA), der Enzymimmunoassay (ELISA) und die Fäkalzentrifugation mittels Zinksulfatlösung empfohlen. Mittels Polymerasekettenreation (PCR) kann die entsprechende Assemblage bestimmt werden. Zur Therapie der caninen und felinen Giardiose sind die Wirkstoffe Fenbendazol und Metronidazol zugelassen. Zudem sollten bestimmte Hygienemaßnahmen beachtet werden. Behandelt werden nur symptomatische Tiere oder solche, welche im selben Haushalt mit Risikopatienten (z. B. immunsupprimierten Menschen) leben. Ziel der Behandlung ist die klinische Verbesserung der Symptomatik der erkrankten Hunde und Katzen. Zu einer vollständigen Elimination der Giardien kommt es oftmals nicht.

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Evaluation for associations amongst Giardia duodenalis assemblages and diarrhea in dogs

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

Giardiasis and diarrhea in dogs: Does the microbiome matter?

Giardiasis and diarrhea in dogs: Does the microbiome matter?

Effect of a Commercially Available Electrolyte Solution on Acute, Non-Specific Diarrhea in Dogs

Ein Update zur felinen und caninen Giardiose

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