Evaluation and Testing of Inorganic Ion Exchange Sorbents for the Removal of Cesium-137 From Actual Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center Acidic Tank Waste

Sodium-Bearing Waste Treatment Alternatives Implementation Study

“…Over the next two weeks the nozzle air ratio and then the oxygen to fuel ratio were changed in attempts to control particle size growth and bed stability, but without success. The AAR was then increased to 4.0 (Wood 2001).…”

“…Testing of this sorbent using simulated and actual SBW has been performed since 1997 (Mann, 1999;Mann, 2000;Todd, 2001;Tranter, 2003a;Tranter, 2003b, Tranter, 2003c, Tranter, 2004a, and Tranter, 2004b.…”

Cesium and Strontium Separation Technologies Literature Review

“…Cesium removal from acidic solutions utilizing transition metal cyanoferrate sorbents has been widely demonstrated [7,8,9,10]. Historically, cyanoferrates were used to precipitate cesium from solution because their small particle size and low permeability made application in fixed-bed columns impractical [7,11].…”

“…While the majority of research for crystalline silicotitanates (CST) has been with alkaline media, much work has also been done with acidic waste simulants or actual wastes [10,19]. In alkaline media, cesium and strontium are both sorbed by CST's, however, in liquids containing molar quantities of nitric acid, strontium is not removed by CST.…”

Tungstate-based glass–ceramics for the immobilization of radio cesium

“…This can result in significant cost savings by permitting the disposal of the treated bulk liquid as low level waste grout [6,7]. Such volume and/or heat load reduction strategies have been the subject of a significant research effort resulting in the introduction of several new separations materials and methods [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”