Evaluation and ranking of risk factors in public–private partnership water supply projects in developing countries using fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach
“…C2: Delay in project approvals and permits. This mainly refers to the fact that the permit process is too complicated and the government lacks PPP experience to deal with this issue, which causes lower permit efficiency and affects a series of risks of PPP projects [24].…”
Risk management is critical to the success of electric vehicle charging infrastructure public-private partnership (EVCI-PPP) projects, as risks are present throughout the whole life cycle of projects. However, in EVCI-PPP projects, risk factors are often interdependent and, consequently, the interrelationships among factors affect the risk management, which is ignored in the existing studies. To identify the risk factors of EVCI-PPP projects and analyze their internal influence relations, this paper develops a risk identification and analysis model of EVCI-PPP projects based on the 2-tuple linguistic representation model and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) model. First, a risk factor set is established including 22 criteria involved in 5 dimensions of political/legal risk, economic/market risk, social/environment risk, project/technical risk, and managing risk. Next, the 2-tuple model is introduced to integrate the decision makers' evaluation information in a linguistic environment, and the direct relation matrix is calculated. Then, the cause-effect relations and a significant degree of risk factors are interpreted using the extended DEMATEL technique. The results show that economic/market risk is the most significant factor of EVCI-PPP projects, and 22 criteria are classified into 14 cause factors and 8 effect factors. Finally, suggestions are provided for decision-makers to ensure the success of EVCI-PPP projects.
“…C2: Delay in project approvals and permits. This mainly refers to the fact that the permit process is too complicated and the government lacks PPP experience to deal with this issue, which causes lower permit efficiency and affects a series of risks of PPP projects [24].…”
Risk management is critical to the success of electric vehicle charging infrastructure public-private partnership (EVCI-PPP) projects, as risks are present throughout the whole life cycle of projects. However, in EVCI-PPP projects, risk factors are often interdependent and, consequently, the interrelationships among factors affect the risk management, which is ignored in the existing studies. To identify the risk factors of EVCI-PPP projects and analyze their internal influence relations, this paper develops a risk identification and analysis model of EVCI-PPP projects based on the 2-tuple linguistic representation model and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) model. First, a risk factor set is established including 22 criteria involved in 5 dimensions of political/legal risk, economic/market risk, social/environment risk, project/technical risk, and managing risk. Next, the 2-tuple model is introduced to integrate the decision makers' evaluation information in a linguistic environment, and the direct relation matrix is calculated. Then, the cause-effect relations and a significant degree of risk factors are interpreted using the extended DEMATEL technique. The results show that economic/market risk is the most significant factor of EVCI-PPP projects, and 22 criteria are classified into 14 cause factors and 8 effect factors. Finally, suggestions are provided for decision-makers to ensure the success of EVCI-PPP projects.
“…They reported that variables such as the non-availability of raw water, the entry of new competitors, construction cost escalation, tariff-setting uncertainty and breach of contract by the government are the most critical risks among 39 risk factors identified. Ameyaw and Chan (2015) provided a list of 22 critical risk factors that have a strong impact on PPP water projects in Ghana. The top-ranked risks include the foreign exchange rate, corruption, water theft, non-payment of bills and political interference.…”
In a situation of growing water demand, inadequate public funding, poor asset condition and lack of maintenance in developing countries, public-private partnerships (PPPs) play an important role in the development of infrastructure, such as water supply and sewerage services. The purpose of this study is to develop a quantitative approach to appropriate risk allocation, with attention directed to the impact of positive and negative factors in water and sewerage projects. The paper presents a hybrid SWARA-COPRAS approach to examine risk allocation, particularly for PPP water supply and sewerage projects in the context of Malaysia. In addition to PPP infrastructure projects, the approach has the potential to be adapted to other applications. The proposed method enables decision makers to utilise qualitative linguistic terms in the allocation of risk between the public and private sector, and to select the best strategy for risk allocation in a contract. Finally, 24 significant risks were identified: six risks would preferably be allocated to the public sector, while seven risks would be assigned to the private sector, and eleven risks would preferably be shared by both parties. The finding from this study can help the government of Malaysia to determine an attractive political strategy for private investors to support a PPP water and sewerage infrastructure project.
“…Given the significant relationship between the methods used for the analysis and assessment of risks and the risk factors that are primarily manageable [16,17,18], we have defined the second research hypothesis as follows:…”
Section: H1: the Application Of The Methods For Risk Analysis And Assmentioning
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