Evaluation and Optimization of the Specific Absorption Rate for Multiantenna Systems

Wang, Minshen; Li, Lin; Chen, Ji; Jackson, David R.; Kainz, Wolfgang; Qi, Yihong; Jarmuszewski, P.

doi:10.1109/temc.2011.2109005

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Whereas, beamforming has also been considered for minimizing EM emission in mobile communication systems. Although the beamforming technique has been traditionally used to improve the SE of mobile systems, it has been shown in [9], [10] that it can be used to minimize EM emission in the uplink of mobile systems. However, [7]- [9] mainly focus on reducing EM radiation without considering the SE performance/quality of service (QoS) of the network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Emission-Aware Schedulers for the Uplink of OFDM Wireless Communication Systems

Sambo

Al-Imari

Héliot

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Abstract-The popularity and convergence of wireless communications have resulted in continuous network upgrades in order to support the increasing demand for bandwidth. However, given that wireless communication systems operate on radiofrequency waves, the health effects of electromagnetic emission from these systems are increasingly becoming a concern due to the ubiquity of mobile communication devices. In order to address these concerns, we propose two schemes (offline and online) for minimizing the EM emission of users in the uplink of OFDM systems, while maintaining an acceptable quality of service. We formulate our offline EM reduction scheme as a convex optimization problem and solve it through water-filling. This is based on the assumption that the long-term channel state information of all the users is known. Given that, in practice, long-term channel state information of all the users cannot always be available, we propose our online EM emission reduction scheme, which is based on minimizing the instantaneous transmit energy per bit of each user. Simulation results show that both our proposed schemes significantly minimize the EM emission when compared to the benchmark classic greedy spectral efficiency based scheme and an energy efficiency based scheme. Furthermore, our offline scheme proves to be very robust against channel prediction errors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Emission-Aware Schedulers for the Uplink of OFDM Wireless Communication Systems

Sambo

Al-Imari

Héliot

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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show abstract

“…In such points, the volumes are also strongly deformed by the phantom shape, so that the refinement strategies give unappreciable benefit. Anyhow, it is important to recall again that, among the possible, only algorithms which can evaluate the SAR everywhere in the phantom have been tested; the others algorithms, such as the one proposed in [15,16] or the one proposed in [17], would have been unable to determine the SAR in such points. As for the C95.3 algorithm, also in this case it is apparent that it underestimates the peak value, and this enforces a more detailed discussion, as it is the only algorithm officially suggested in a radioprotection standard.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a matter of fact, the number of available algorithms for the numerical evaluation of SAR is quite large [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and in this section, a brief overview on the most commonly adopted ones is presented and commented. One of the usually adopted approaches [11,12], for instance, computes the SAR rm on a certain point by considering the contributes coming from the cells which belong to a cube centered in that point.…”

Section: Commonly Adopted Sar Numerical Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Algorithms for the Specific Absorption Rate Numerical Evaluation Based on Spherical Averaging Volumes

Catarinucci¹,

Tarricone²

2012

PIER B

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Abstract-The numerical calculation of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) averaged over a certain tissue mass is a common practice when evaluating the potential health risk due to the human exposure to electromagnetic sources. Nevertheless, SAR values are strongly influenced by many factors such as, for instance, the shape of the volume containing the reference mass, the spatial discretization step, or the treatment of internal air, just to mention some of them: different choices can induce significant discrepancies. In this work, an overview on some of the most commonly adopted SAR algorithms is firstly presented, and a discussion on their potential differences reported. Then, based on a spherical volume approach, some new algorithms are proposed. All the algorithms are then used to evaluate the SAR both in artificially generated test cases and in some practical human-antenna interaction problems. The result comparison highlights relevant discrepancies and enforces the necessity of a reasoned standardization of the techniques for the SAR calculation.

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“…Thus, antenna design plays an important role even for stand-alone SAR. So far, studies on SAR performance for multi-antennas are quite limited [8][9][10]. A technique to optimize SAR in multi-antenna systems was proposed in [9] using beamforming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, studies on SAR performance for multi-antennas are quite limited [8][9][10]. A technique to optimize SAR in multi-antenna systems was proposed in [9] using beamforming. In [10], SAR levels for ground free, on ground and co-located multiantennas were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of SAR on flat phantom for different multi-antenna mobile terminals

Tsiaras

Derat³

et al. 2014

The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014)

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Evaluation and Optimization of the Specific Absorption Rate for Multiantenna Systems

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Electromagnetic Emission-Aware Schedulers for the Uplink of OFDM Wireless Communication Systems

Electromagnetic Emission-Aware Schedulers for the Uplink of OFDM Wireless Communication Systems

New Algorithms for the Specific Absorption Rate Numerical Evaluation Based on Spherical Averaging Volumes

Analysis of SAR on flat phantom for different multi-antenna mobile terminals

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