Evaluation and management of facial granuloma caused by various injection materials

Abstract

Background Various substances are currently being used for cosmetic or postsurgical reconstruction reasons. Injecting of various materials into the face may provoke inflammatory or granulomatous reactions, infection and tissue necrosis. Among these reactions are foreign body granulomas. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of and therapeutic approaches used in patients with facial foreign body granulomas caused by the injection of various substances. Methods From 2007 to 2020, a total of 64 patients visited our hospital due to inflammatory signs, palpable masses or surface irregularities. We reviewed patient characteristics, type of injected material, medical history and treatment outcomes. The treatment results were scored with patient satisfaction and statistical analysis of the treatment period was performed. Results Most patients underwent conservative treatment followed by surgical treatment because of persistent symptoms; one patient did not require surgery. All patients reported good treatment results and satisfaction. The earlier the surgical treatment was performed, the shorter the treatment period and the higher patient satisfaction scoring. Conclusion Granulomatous changes to the face are an emerging concern in various cosmetic procedures and surgeries, including fillers, silicone implants and autologous fat injections. Our findings strongly suggest that patient symptoms require accurate diagnosis and surgical treatment.

Lymphaticovenular anastomosis for Morbihan disease: a case report

“…Because MD has similar symptoms to those of many granulomatous and inflammatory diseases, it is difficult to diagnose. The differential diagnosis of MD includes systemic lupus erythemato-sus, cutaneous leishmaniasis, foreign body granuloma, facial granuloma, superior vena cava syndrome, rhinophymas and scleredema of Buschke, as well as reactions to drugs such as barbiturates, chlorpromazine, diltiazem, and isotretinoin [4][5][6][7]. Since persistent and severe facial edema can cause visual impairment, it is vitally important to treat this condition [1].…”

Treatment of Morbihan disease

“…Although MD is generally considered to be a chronic form of rosacea, it may exist in the absence of other features of rosacea, and thus may represent a separate disease process. The difficulty of diagnosing MD is that there are many similar diseases, e.g., myxomas, lympho-mas, granulomas, and rhinophymas, which causes confusion [2][3][4][5]. In addition, there is no standard treatment modality and regimen.…”