Evaluation and Management of Adrenal Masses

Moreira, Sergio G.; Pow‐Sang, Julio M.

doi:10.1177/107327480200900407

Cited by 48 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Changes in tumor size were not observed in most cases where characteristics of benign masses including adenoma were observed on imaging. This result was similar to studies done in other counties, so it is recommended that followup imaging be performed every 6 to 12 months for 3 to 4 years, based on the size of mass [18,24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…It has been reported that the specificity of having a benign adenoma is close to 100% and the sensitivity is 85% when HU is less than 18. Clinically, benign masses are considered very likely when the HU measurement is less than 10, however, a reading of greater than 20 implies malignancy until proven otherwise [24]. In the present study, HU was measured in 238 patients who were considered clinically to have benign adenoma, based on laboratory and imaging findings; of those, there were 180 patients (75.6%) and 107 patients (45.0%) with HU readings of less than 20 and less than 10, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Characteristics for 132 Patients with Adrenal Incidentaloma

Jeong

Kim

et al. 2007

J Korean Endocr Soc

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Background:Adrenal incidentaloma is an adrenal neoplasm frequently encountered in clinical practice for which detection rates have recently increased. We describe here the clinical characteristics of adrenal incidentalomas. Methods: A retrospective study was performed examining the age, sex, location, size, function, and the histological findings for 348 patients with an adrenal mass discovered incidentally on computed tomography (CT) undertaken for health examination or nonadrenal disease from August 2005 to May 2012. Results: Patients consisted of 156 males (44.8%) and 192 females (55.2%), aged between 20 and 86. Adrenal masses were most commonly found in patients in their sixth decade (32.5%). Regarding the location of the masses, 62.0% were found in the left adrenal gland, 30.2% were found in the right, and 7.8% were found bilaterally. Of all of the masses analyzed, 87.1% were 1 to 4 cm in size, and an adenoma-like appearance was the most common finding (75.3%) seen on CT scans. Hormonal analysis showed that 82.2% of the masses were nonfunctioning, 6.0% were diagnosed as subclinical Cushing's syndrome, 4.6% were aldosteroneproducing adenomas, and 7.2% were pheochromocytomas. Adrenalectomy was performed in a total of 69 patients having adenoma (50.7%), pheochromocytoma (24.6%), and carcinoma (4.3%). Conclusion:The characteristics of benign, malignant, nonfunctional, and functional adrenal masses that were incidentally found at our hospital were similar to those presented in other studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics for 132 Patients with Adrenal Incidentaloma

Jeong

Kim

et al. 2007

J Korean Endocr Soc

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“…2 None of the patients in the current study experienced significant hemorrhaging, iatrogenic infection, or adrenal crisis after the procedure. This finding is in keeping with reports that EUS-FNA biopsy is a safe procedure and that major complications after EUS-FNA biopsy of deep-seated lesions are rare; most of the adverse events that were observed were similar to those associated with endoscopy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Although FNA biopsy of the adrenal gland is an rare sampling technique in all cytology services, several investigators have reported their experience with percutaneous image-guided (computed tomographic [CT] or ultrasonographic) FNA of this organ. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Those reports underscore the value of FNA biopsy of the adrenal glands.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the adrenal glands

Jhala

Eloubeidi

et al. 2004

Cancer

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“…However, incidentally discovered adrenal masses have various differential diagnoses, including adenoma, myelolipoma, lipoma, cyst, pheochromocytoma, primary or metastatic cancer, hyperplasia, and tuberculosis (11). Adrenal cysts are often unilateral, and the prevalence has been reported to be twice higher among women (12,13). Adrenal cysts are categorized into three groups of epithelial, parasitic, and vascular.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not functioning adrenocortical carcinoma from diagnosis to management: a case report

et al. 2016

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Adrenal gland cysts are rare indications of adrenal diseases, which are commonly asymptomatic. In radiological studies, these cysts, known as incidentalomas, are often detected by coincidence accounting for 6% of the population. Adrenal incidentalomas are commonly detected, and autonomous cortisol hypersecretion is the most prevalent abnormality associated with these masses. Since this complication is recurrent, it requires intermittent morphological and hormonal evaluation for several years. In this paper, we aimed to present the case of a 52-year-old woman with complaints of vague abdominal pain. After laparotomy, the tumor was removed, and umbilical herniorrhaphy was performed on the patient. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the first-line surgical treatment for this type of incidentaloma. Ultrasonography revealed an echogenic mass (diameter: 4 cm) in the left adrenal gland of the patient, which was not associated with hernia. In addition, CT-scan showed that the adrenal lesion was hypodense and heterogeneous (diameters: 81*53 mm) with sharp, irregular borders.

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Evaluation and Management of Adrenal Masses

Abstract: Careful analysis of each adrenal mass is essential to effectively avoid potential problems. Guidelines to manage patients with adrenal masses are needed.

Cited by 48 publications

References 26 publications

Clinical Characteristics for 132 Patients with Adrenal Incidentaloma

Clinical Characteristics for 132 Patients with Adrenal Incidentaloma

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the adrenal glands

Not functioning adrenocortical carcinoma from diagnosis to management: a case report

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