Evaluation and management of acute pancreatitis

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastrointestinal causes for hospi-talization in the United States. In 2015, AP accounted for approximately 390000 hospitalizations. The burden of AP is only expected to increase over time. Despite recent advances in medicine, pancreatitis continues to be associated with a substantial morbidity and mortality. The most common cause of AP is gallstones, followed closely by alcohol use. The diagnosis of pancreatitis is established with any two of three following criteria: (1) Abdominal pain consistent with that of AP; (2) Serum amylase and/or lipase greater than three times the upper limit of normal; and (3) Characteristics findings seen in cross-sectional abdominal imaging. Multiple criteria and scoring systems have been established for assessing severity of AP. The cornerstones of management include aggressive intravenous hydration, appropriate nutrition and pain management. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and surgery are important aspects in management of acute gallstone pancreatitis. We provide a comprehensive review of evaluation and management of AP.

A rare case of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus accompanied by both acute pancreatitis and myocarditis - case report

“…However, we consider that the possibility is remote, since, although lipid data were not collected in the local hospital, serum triglyceride level was 251 mg/dL on admission to our hospital. About 10% of acute pancreatitis cases are caused by non-common miscellaneous factors such as infection with viruses, bacteria and parasites [ 11 ] with virus-induced pancreatitis being the leading etiology of infectious pancreatitis [ 12 ].…”

Duodenal large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma as unusual cause of acute pancreatitis

“…The association between D-NENs and acute pancreatitis is extremely rare. The leading causes of acute pancreatitis are represented by gallstones (28-38%) and alcohol consumption (19-41%), followed by [10]. Based on neoplastic etiology, frequently involved are exocrine pancreatic tumors or metastatic dissemination from other organs, NENs being a rare cause [11,12].…”

Pancreatitis Aguda: Articulo de Revisión

“…Las etiologías involucradas en la pancreatitis aguda pueden ser identificadas en un 75% -85% de los casos 15 . Los cálculos biliares y el consumo de alcohol son las dos causas más frecuentes de pancreatitis aguda en el adulto 16 .…”

“…Los cálculos biliares y el consumo de alcohol son las dos causas más frecuentes de pancreatitis aguda en el adulto 16 . Otras causas comunes son: la pancreatitis inducida por drogas 17 18 , pancreatitis postcolangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) 19 y la pancreatitis idiopática 15 . En la edad pediátrica, las etiologías más comunes de pancreatitis aguda a nivel mundial son: cálculos biliares, traumatismo abdominal cerrado, y enfermedades multisistémicas 20 .…”

“…En ocasiones la causa de la pancreatitis aguda no puede ser identificada, y cuando se han descartado todas las posibles causas se establece el diagnóstico de pancreatitis aguda idiopática, la cual puede estar presente en el 10% -40% de los casos 15 .…”