Evaluation and Limitations of the Perchlorate Test in the Study of Thyroid Function

Baschieri, L; Benedetti, Giovanni; Luca, Federico de; Negri, M

doi:10.1210/jcem-23-8-786

Cited by 43 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Perchlorate competes with iodide for thyroid uptake and could also promote the efflux of iodide from the follicular cells (34,40,41). A perchlorate discharge test has been used for decades in both animals and humans to detect iodide organification defects (34,(40)(41)(42)(43) (63).…”

Section: Thyroid Function and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening methods for thyroid hormone disruptors.

DeVito

Biegel

Brouwer

et al. 1999

Environ Health Perspect

163

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The U.S. Congress has passed legislation requiring the EPA to implement screening tests for identifying endocrine-disrupting chemicals. A series of workshops was sponsored by the EPA, the Chemical Manufacturers Association, and the World Wildlife Fund; one workshop focused on screens for chemicals that alter thyroid hormone function and homeostasis. Participants at this meeting identified and examined methods to detect alterations in thyroid hormone synthesis, transport, and catabolism. In addition, some methods to detect chemicals that bind to the thyroid hormone receptors acting as either agonists or antagonists were also identified. Screening methods used in mammals as well as other vertebrate classes were examined. There was a general consensus that all known chemicals which interfere with thyroid hormone function and homeostasis act by either inhibiting synthesis, altering serum transport proteins, or by increasing catabolism of thyroid hormones. There are no direct data to support the assertion that certain environmental chemicals bind and activate the thyroid hormone receptors; further research is indicated. In light of this, screening methods should reflect known mechanisms of action. Most methods examined, albeit useful for mechanistic studies, were thought to be too specific and therefore would not be applicable for broad-based screening. Determination of serum thyroid hormone concentrations following chemical exposure in rodents was thought to be a reasonable initial screen. Concurrent histologic evaluation of the thyroid would strengthen this screen. Similar methods in teleosts may be useful as screens, but would require indicators of tissue production of thyroid hormones. The use of tadpole metamorphosis as a screen may also be useful; however, this method requires validation and standardization prior to use as a broad-based screen.

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Section: Thyroid Function and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening methods for thyroid hormone disruptors.

DeVito

Biegel

Brouwer

et al. 1999

Environ Health Perspect

163

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“…The perchlorate-discharge test is used in patients with CH and in situ thyroid gland to diagnose iodide organification defect (IOD). The test results are used to distinguish total iodide organification defect (TIOD), characterized by complete immediate release of radioiodide after perchlorate administration, from partial thyroid organification defect (PIOD), in which release ranges from 10 to 90% [8,9,10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Description of Infants with Congenital Hypothyroidism and Iodide Organification Defects

et al. 2008

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Aims: To describe the phenotype of a large group of children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and iodide organification defect (IOD), suspected based on normal thyroid position and abnormal perchlorate discharge test, as first step of a project evaluating correlations between phenotypes and genotypes. Methods: 71 children born in Paris between 1980 and 2006 were included. Two groups were defined according to perchlorate discharge: total IOD (TIOD) when the release was above 90% and partial IOD (PIOD) between 10 and 90%. Comparisons between groups were performed using SPSS 14.0 for Windows. Results: The incidence of IOD over the 2003–2006 period was 1:20,660. Of the 71 children, 61 had PIOD and 10 TIOD. Compared to PIOD, TIOD was characterized by greater clinical severity. A wide spectrum of clinical features was seen in the PIOD group. Evolution showed transient hypothyroidism in 10/61 patients with PIOD and 1/10 TIOD patients. Conclusions: Severe presentation in the majority of TIOD patients suggests dysfunction of a key iodide-organification enzyme. In contrast, the variety of clinical features in PIOD group suggests that diverse mechanisms may lead to PIOD, such as delayed or reduced activity of enzymes involved in hormonogenesis or defects in iodine storage and release.

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“…The perchlorate test permits to evaluate whether iodide is organified normally or not [18]. In a normal individual, less than 10% of radioiodide accumulated in thyrocytes is not organified into thyroglobulin.…”

Section: Thyroid Phenotype In Patients With Biallelic Slc26a4 Mutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controversies Concerning the Role of Pendrin as an Apical Iodide Transporter in Thyroid Follicular Cells

Bizhanova

Kopp

2011

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder defined by sensorineural deafness, goiter and a partial organification defect of iodide. It is caused by biallelic mutations in the multifunctional anion transporter pendrin/SLC26A4. In human thyroid tissue, pendrin is localized at the apical membrane of thyroid follicular cells. The clinical phenotype of patients with Pendred syndrome and the fact that pendrin can mediate iodide efflux in transfected cells suggest that this anion exchanger may be involved in mediating iodide efflux into the follicular lumen, a key step in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. This concept has, however, been questioned. This review discusses supporting evidence as well as arguments questioning a role of pendrin in mediating iodide efflux in thyrocytes.

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Evaluation and Limitations of the Perchlorate Test in the Study of Thyroid Function

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Screening methods for thyroid hormone disruptors.

Screening methods for thyroid hormone disruptors.

Clinical Description of Infants with Congenital Hypothyroidism and Iodide Organification Defects

Controversies Concerning the Role of Pendrin as an Apical Iodide Transporter in Thyroid Follicular Cells

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