Evaluation and diagnosis of acute infectious diarrhea

Guerrant, Richard L.; Shields, David S.; Thorson, Stephen; Schorling, John B.; Gröschel, D

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(85)90370-5

Cited by 80 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…One of the least cost-effective but most time-intensive procedures undertaken in the clinical microbiology laboratory is stool culture (48,66). Unlike in developing countries where diarrhea can be life-threatening due to dehydration, diarrheal illness in the United States is rarely a medical emergency.…”

Section: Probes For Diarrheal Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic deoxyribonucleic acid probes for infectious diseases

Tenover

1988

Clin Microbiol Rev

239

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Virtually all microorganisms contain some unique nucleotide sequences which can be the target of deoxyribonucleic acid probes. Probes have been used successfully to identify a wide variety of pathogens from the simple ribonucleic acid-containing polioviruses to the complex filarial worms Brugia malayi. Probe technology offers the clinical laboratory the potential both to extend the types of pathogens that can be readily identified and to reduce significantly the time associated with the identification of fastidious microorganisms. Over a dozen commercially prepared deoxyribonucleic acid probe tests are now available. This article explores the development of deoxyribonucleic acid probe tests and reviews the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of many of the diagnostic probes developed during the last several years. Prospects for newer, more sensitive detection systems for the products of hybridization reactions are also reviewed.

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Section: Probes For Diarrheal Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic deoxyribonucleic acid probes for infectious diseases

Tenover

1988

Clin Microbiol Rev

239

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“…Enteric diseases rank second in prevalence to respiratory diseases in the United States (89). A recent estimate suggests that, on the average, every U.S. citizen has at least one episode of enteric (diarrheal) disease annually (6).…”

Section: Definition and Frequency Of Foodborne Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary issues: diseases with a food vector

1988

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Foodborne disease has become a contemporary issue. Several large, well-publicized outbreaks of foodborne disease have heightened public awareness that harmful microorganisms may be present in food and that chronic as well as acute disease may be caused by foodborne microbes. The field of food microbiology has likewise experienced a resurgence of interest. New tools, such as recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid technology and monoclonal antibody production, used to elucidate microbial virulence factors have facilitated identification of disease-causing microbes once thought to be harmless and demonstrated the complexity of individual virulence mechanisms previously considered to be well understood. Foodborne pathogens are also causing disease via some surprising food vectors, such as chopped, bottled garlic and sauteed onions. In addition to acute gastrointestinal disturbances, certain microorganisms may, through complex interactions with the human immune response, cause chronic diseases that affect several major organ systems. These microbes are serving as models in studies of molecular mimicry and genetic interrelatedness of procaryotes and eucaryotes. Other recently recognized attributes of foodborne microorganisms, such as the heat shock phenomenon and the possible nonculturability of some bacteria, may affect their ability to cause disease in humans. Because foodborne disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, the study of these diseases and their causative microorganisms presents a unique challenge to many professionals in the subdisciplines of microbiology, epidemiology, and clinical medicine.

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“…The major problem in treating these diseases is that most enteric bacteria have already acquircd substantial resistance to most antibi otics. Knowledge is necessary therefore, not only of what kind of organism is present but also the antibiotics to which it is sensitive (31). In most epidemic situations in poor countries, this level of technology is not available.…”

Section: Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%