Evaluation and Comparison of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems and Federal Reference Methods for Emissions from a Back-Up Generator and a Diesel Truck Operated on a Chassis Dynamometer

Durbin, Thomas D.; Johnson, Kent C.; Cocker, David R.; Miller, John W.; Maldonado, Hector; Shah, Atul; Ensfield, Carl; Weaver, C S; Akard, Mike; Harvey, Neal; Symon, James R.; Lanni, Thomas; Bachalo, W. D.; Payne, Greg; Smallwood, Gregory J.; Linke, Manfred

doi:10.1021/es0622251

Cited by 66 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The flow measurement is conducted with a factory calibrated pitot tube exhaust flow meter in the a tailpipe attachment unit. The SEMTECH-D PEMS and OBS-2200 PEMS have both passed validation testing with laboratory systems for inuse compliance testing and were demonstrated to be both accurate and precise, meeting the Section 40 Code of Federal Regulations standards, Part 1065 (BMSTC and Beijing EPB, 2010;Durbin et al, 2007;US EPA, 2005b). Besides, a Dekati Mass Monitor (DMM) (Liu et al, 2009) and two Electric Low Pressure Impactors (ELPI) (Liu et al, 2011) were used in the test to measure the on-road particle emissions.They are both manufactured by Dekati Co. Ltd. and based on ELPI T M technology, which is combined the particle charging and electrical detection.…”

Section: Test Vehicles and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 93%

The challenge to NO<sub>x</sub> emission control for heavy-duty diesel vehicles in China

Zhang

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

143

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Abstract. China's new "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" set a target for total NO x emission reduction of 10 % for the period of 2011-2015. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) have been considered a major contributor to NO x emissions in China. Beijing initiated a comprehensive vehicle test program in 2008. This program included a sub-task for measuring onroad emission profiles of hundreds of HDDVs using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). The major finding is that neither the on-road distance-specific (g km −1 ) nor brake-specific (g kWh −1 ) NO x emission factors for diesel buses and heavy-duty diesel trucks improved in most cases as emission standards became more stringent. For example, the average NO x emission factors for Euro II, Euro III and Euro IV buses are 11.3 ± 3.3 g km −1 , 12.5 ± 1.3 g km −1 , and 11.8 ± 2.0 g km −1 , respectively. No statistically significant difference in NO x emission factors was observed between Euro II and III buses. Even for Euro IV buses equipped with SCR systems, the NO x emission factors are similar to Euro III buses. The data regarding real-time engine performance of Euro IV buses suggest the engine certification cycles did not reflect their real-world operating conditions. These new on-road test results indicate that previous estimates of total NO x emissions for HDDV fleet may be significantly underestimated. The new estimate in total NO x emissions for the Beijing HDDV fleet in 2009 is 37.0 Gg, an increase of 45 % compared to the previous study. Further, we estimate that the total NO x emissions for the na-

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Section: Test Vehicles and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 93%

The challenge to NO<sub>x</sub> emission control for heavy-duty diesel vehicles in China

Zhang

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

143

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“…Nonetheless, diesel fuel used by heavy vehicles is a type of environmentally friendly energy (Huang et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2007), but a large gap exists regarding fuel quality and vehicle performance relative to western countries (Durbin et al, 2007). These two characteristics have greatly decreased the environmental performance of diesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressway Longitudinal Slope Design Considering Vehicle Carbon Emission in China

Jia¹

2017

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. In China's coal producing areas, carbon emission has a significant impact on the environment, so more attention has focused on the development of heavy vehicles and expressway designation. However, no national criterion based on carbon emission for overload expressway designation exists. In this paper, we propose building a connection between longitudinal segment design parameters and carbon emission, using diesel fuel consumption data and a nonlinear iterative regression method. A carbon emission relational model was built, showing the connection between carbon emission and gradient, slope length, and initial speed. The carbon emission database of expressway longitudinal slope was established by existing model. Based on the actual design data, the sensitivity analysis of gradient and slope length in the established model is carried out. As a result, the influence of gradient on the cumulative carbon emissions is obvious and higher sensitivity, reaching 4.550. The carbon emissions will increase significantly after the longitudinal slope is greater than 3%, highway longitudinal slope should be less than 3%, and the road longitudinal slope length should be limited.

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“…The continuing development of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) has allowed the characterization of in-use emissions from off-road equipment. Over the past few years, there has been a considerable effort to standardize PEMS measurement to meet regulatory requirements for in-use compliance measurements for on-road vehicles and offroad equipment (e.g., Durbin et al, 2007Durbin et al, , 2009a. Much of this work was performed as part of the Measurement Allowance program, which included extensive laboratory testing at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) and in-use testing using the University of California Riverside (UCR), College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT)'s Mobile Emission Laboratory (MEL) (Fiest et al, 2008;Johnson et al, 2008Johnson et al, , 2009Johnson et al, , 2010Johnson et al, , 2011aJohnson et al, , 2011bKhalek et al, 2010;Khan et al, 2012;Miller et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluations of in-use emission factors from off-road construction equipment

Cao

Durbin

Russell

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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In-use emission measurements were made from twenty-seven pieces of construction equipment, which included four backhoes, six wheel loaders, four excavators, two scrapers (one with two engines), six bulldozers, and four graders. This is the largest study of off-road equipment emissions using 40 CFR part 1065 compliant PEMS equipment for all regulated gaseous and particulate emissions. The large variability in emissions, especially for NO x and PM, could have important implications for developing accurate emissions inventories and models. This variability is primarily due to differences in engine load factors for different types of work and combinations of work and idle time and the displacement of the engines. a b s t r a c t Gaseous and particle emissions from construction engines contribute an important fraction of the total air pollutants released into the atmosphere and are gaining increasing regulatory attention. Robust quantification of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulate matter (PM) emissions are necessary to inventory the contribution of construction equipment to atmospheric loadings. Theses emission inventories require emissions factors from construction equipment as a function of equipment type and modes of operation. While the development of portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) has led to increased studies of construction equipment emissions, emissions data are still much more limited than for on-road vehicles. The goal of this research program was to obtain accurate in-use emissions data from a test fleet of newer construction equipment (model year 2002 or later) using a Code of Federal Requirements (CFR) compliant PEMS system. In-use emission measurements were made from twenty-seven pieces of construction equipment, which included four backhoes, six wheel loaders, four excavators, two scrapers (one with two engines), six bulldozers, and four graders. The engines ranged in model year from 2003 to 2012, in rated horsepower (hp) from 92 to 540 hp, and in hours of operation from 24 to 17,149 h. This is the largest study of off-road equipment emissions using 40 CFR part 1065 compliant PEMS equipment for all regulated gaseous and particulate emissions. a r t i c l e i n f oPublished by Elsevier Ltd.

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Evaluation and Comparison of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems and Federal Reference Methods for Emissions from a Back-Up Generator and a Diesel Truck Operated on a Chassis Dynamometer

Cited by 66 publications

References 9 publications

The challenge to NO<sub>x</sub> emission control for heavy-duty diesel vehicles in China

The challenge to NO<sub>x</sub> emission control for heavy-duty diesel vehicles in China

Expressway Longitudinal Slope Design Considering Vehicle Carbon Emission in China

Evaluations of in-use emission factors from off-road construction equipment

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Evaluation and Comparison of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems and Federal Reference Methods for Emissions from a Back-Up Generator and a Diesel Truck Operated on a Chassis Dynamometer

Cited by 66 publications

References 9 publications

The challenge to NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emission control for heavy-duty diesel vehicles in China

The challenge to NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emission control for heavy-duty diesel vehicles in China

Expressway Longitudinal Slope Design Considering Vehicle Carbon Emission in China

Evaluations of in-use emission factors from off-road construction equipment

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Product

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The challenge to NO<sub>x</sub> emission control for heavy-duty diesel vehicles in China

The challenge to NO<sub>x</sub> emission control for heavy-duty diesel vehicles in China