Evaluation and Comparison of Bioactive Constituents of Artemisiae argyi Folium Collected at Different Developmental Stages

Abstract

Background Artemisiae argyi Folium has been used as herbal medicine and food supplement in China and other Asian countries. There is no report about whether the different developmental stages can influence the bioactive compositions of Artemisiae argyi Folium. Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of bioactive constituents of Artemisiae argyi Folium collected at different developmental stages. Methods The volatile and nonvolatile bioactive components in Artemisiae argyi Folium collected at six different developmental stages were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Chemometrics analysis, including principal component analysis and partial least squares discrimination analysis were further performed to compare and discriminate the Artemisiae argyi Folium samples based on the analysis results. Results The results indicated the bioactive compositions in Artemisiae argyi Folium had obvious change during the period of growth. The volatile compositions of Artemisiae argyi Folium collected at different stages are the same, while their relative contents are different. Six volatile compounds could be regarded as chemical markers, which were responsible for the intergroup differences. The phenolic profiles of Artemisiae argyi Folium at different stages indicated a similar composition while variated content levels of main phenolic compounds. Conclusions The comparative results will facilitate better understanding of dynamic changes of bioactive constituents of Artemisiae argyi Folium samples collected at different stages and provide useful information for cultivation and utilization of this herbal medicine. Highlights The volatile and nonvolatile bioactive components in Artemisiae argyi Folium collected at different developmental stages were evaluated and compared for the first time.

Potential Therapeutic Properties of Olea europaea Leaves from Selected Cultivars Based on Their Mineral and Organic Profiles

“…Proximate composition analyses of the three olive tree leaf varieties were performed in triplicate, according to AOAC (2000, 2005, 2006) methods [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]: dry matter (in an oven at 105 °C to constant weight; P Selecta, Barcelona, Spain); ash (incinerated at 500 °C for 6h in a muffle furnace; Nabertherm B-180, Lilienthal, Germany); protein quantitation via the Kjeldahl method (AOAC, 2000) using a digestor (DK6 digester, Velp Scientific, Usmate, Italy) followed by distillation (Keltec System 1002, Foss Tecator, Hilleroed, Denmark) and titration. Total lipids were extracted and quantified according to Folch et al, 1957 and using Folch solution (dichloromethane–methanol 2:1 v/v with 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene—BHT) [ 35 ].…”

“…The water content of the leaves of O. europaea Cobrançosa, O. europaea Madural, and O. europaea Verdeal was determined from aqueous extracts through infrared hygrometry readings. The proximate compositions of the three varieties of samples were verified according to AOAC (2000,2005,2006) methods [32][33][34][35], drying the milled leaves at 105 • C to constant weight. Ash weight was determined via incineration at 500 • C. Total protein quantification was measured using the Kjeldahl method, while the total lipids were quantified according to Folch et al, 1957 and using Folch solution.…”

Metabolomic analysis reveals the changing trend and differential markers of volatile and nonvolatile components of Artemisiae argyi with different aging years

“…[7][8][9] The chemical components of AAF mainly include volatile oil, flavonoids, phenolic acids, organic acids, alkaloids, terpenes, and polysaccharides. [10][11][12] Our previous research showed a difference existed among aged AAF samples, but the specific different components were not clear. 13 AAF contains endogenous volatile and nonvolatile metabolite compounds, which constantly change during the aging process of AAF, and the use of advanced technology to study these endogenous compounds is relatively rare.…”

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of Artemisiae Verlotori Folium and Artemisiae Argyi Folium by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

“…A series of methods including HPLC fingerprinting [15], UPLC coupled with diode array detector MS (UPLC-DAD-MS) [16], GC-MS [17], and UPLC coupled with UV and quadrupole TOF-MS (UPLC-UV-Q-TOF-MS) [18] have been applied to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the components in Artemisiae Argyi Folium. However, there are few comparative studies on the two medicinal materials.…”