“…It has also been employed in elemental determinations using multi-channel GF AAS (Takada and Nakano, 1981 ). The development of graphite furnace simultaneous atomic absorption spectrometry (commercially named SIM AAS) and fast-sequential flame instruments contributed to increasing the number of applications involving the IS method in atomic absorption spectrometry (Radziuk et al, 1999 ; Fernandes et al, 2002 ; Correia et al, 2004 ; Oliveira et al, 2004 , 2005 ; Oliveira and Gomes Neto, 2007 ; Ferreira et al, 2008a , b ; Miranda et al, 2010 ; Caldas and Sanches Filho, 2013 ; Barkonikos et al, 2014 ; Pasias et al, 2014 ; Pereira et al, 2014 ). More recently, such applications have been further extended with the combination of an efficient continuum source, a high-resolution Echelle polychromator, and solid-state detectors in high-resolution continuum source F AAS (HR-CS F AAS) and HR-CS GF AAS.…”