Evaluation and analysis of environmentally sustainable methodologies for extraction of betulin from birch bark with a focus on industrial feasibility

Fridén, Mikael E; Jumaah, Firas; Gustavsson, Christer; Enmark, Martin; Fornstedt, Torgny; Turner, Charlotta; Sjöberg, Per J. R.; Samuelsson, Jörgen

doi:10.1039/c5gc00519a

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Together with its anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects, this makes birch bark dry extract interesting for the stabilisation of semisolid systems, such as gels and creams, acting as an active ingredient and an excipient in parallel. A common method for obtaining birch bark dry extract or particular triterpenoids is the extraction of birch bark with organic solvents [41,[44][45][46][47]. Some other production methods like Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) [48] and sublimation [49] are described in the literature.…”

Section: Pharmacological Effects Of Triterpenoids Contained In Birch mentioning

confidence: 99%

Birch Bark Dry Extract by Supercritical Fluid Technology: Extract Characterisation and Use for Stabilisation of Semisolid Systems

Armbruster

Mönckedieck²,

Scherließ³

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:Triterpene compounds like betulin, betulinic acid, erythrodiol, oleanolic acid and lupeol are known for many pharmacological effects. All these substances are found in the outer bark of birch. Apart from its pharmacological effects, birch bark extract can be used to stabilise semisolid systems. Normally, birch bark extract is produced for this purpose by extraction with organic solvents. Employing supercritical fluid technology, our aim was to develop a birch bark dry extract suitable for stabilisation of lipophilic gels with improved properties while avoiding the use of toxic solvents. With supercritical carbon dioxide, three different particle formation methods from supercritical solutions have been tested. First, particle deposition was performed from a supercritical solution in an expansion chamber. Second, the Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions (RESS) method was used for particle generation. Third, a modified RESS-procedure, forming the particles directly into the thereby gelated liquid, was developed. All three methods gave yields from 1% to 5.8%, depending on the techniques employed. The triterpene composition of the three extracts was comparable: all three gave more stable oleogels compared to the use of an extract obtained by organic solvent extraction. Characterizing the rheological behaviour of these gels, a faster gelling effect was seen together with a lower concentration of the extract required for the gel formation with the supercritical fluid (SCF)-extracts. This confirms the superiority of the supercritical fluid produced extracts with regard to the oleogel forming properties.

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Section: Pharmacological Effects Of Triterpenoids Contained In Birch mentioning

confidence: 99%

Birch Bark Dry Extract by Supercritical Fluid Technology: Extract Characterisation and Use for Stabilisation of Semisolid Systems

Armbruster

Mönckedieck²,

Scherließ³

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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“…Substances isolated from natural resources may be a good choice. Betulin, a naturally abundant compound in the outer bark of birch, can be readily obtained by solvent extraction (Fridén et al 2016). Betulin represents 25-35% of the weight of the outer bark of major birch species (Krasutsky 2006), and due to its hydrocarbon skeleton, betulin possesses very low surface energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water repellency improvement of cellulosic textile fibers by betulin and a betulin-based copolymer

Huang

2018

Cellulose

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Betulin is a naturally abundant and hydrophobic compound in the outer bark of birch and can readily be obtained by solvent extraction. Here, solutions of betulin were used to treat cotton fabrics and improve their water repellency. Cotton fabric impregnated in a solution of betulin in ethanol showed a contact angle for water of approximately 153°and reached a water repellency score of 70 according to a standard water repellency test method. A betulin-terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) copolymer was synthesized. Both betulin and betulin-TPC copolymer were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The copolymer was characterized by size exclusion chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. When impregnated with a solution of betulin-TPC copolymer in tetrahydrofuran, a cotton fabric showed a water contact angle of 151°a nd also reached a water repellency score of 70. Films based on betulin and betulin-TPC copolymer were prepared and coated onto the surface of the fabrics by compression molding. These coated fabrics showed water contact angles of 123°and 104°respectively and each reached a water repellency score of 80.

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“…To date, numerous methods for the extraction of the betulin active compound from birch tree bark have been reported in the literature. State-of-the-art extraction technologies result in excellent betulin yield, i.e., ranging from 20% to 40% from the birch outer bark [7]. For instance, Rizhikovs et al reported that approximately 37% of triterpene-rich extracts were isolated from outer birch bark by hot water and Na 2 CO 3 pretreatment [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter Optimization and Potential Bioactivity Evaluation of a Betulin Extract from White Birch Bark

Chen

Han

Pang

2020

Plants

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Owing to its pharmacological potential, betulin has attracted substantial attention in the past two decades. The present work attempts to extract betulin from Betula platyphylla Suk. bark by the ultrasonic-assisted ethanol method and to evaluate its potential bioactivities. The critical process variables affecting the yield were optimized by a four-factor, three-level, central composite response surface methodology (RSM). A betulin yield of 92.67% was achieved under the optimum conditions: 65% ethanol concentration, 1:25 ratio of white birch bark to solvent, an extraction temperature of 30 °C, and an extraction time of 30 min. The ratio of solid to solvent is the most significant parameter in terms of yield. The optimal conditions were validated through experiments, and the observed value (92.67 ± 2.3%) was interrelated with the predicted value (92.86 ± 1.5%). The betulin extract was analyzed quantitatively by HPLC and quantitatively by LC/MS, before its potential biological activities were evaluated. Bioactivity surveys confirmed that the betulin extract showed not only no embryo deformity through zebrafish administration experiments, but also no cytotoxicity through MTT assays. Furthermore, the betulin extract had strong antioxidant activities in vitro by scavenging ferric reducing power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl(DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and chelating metal ions. This study demonstrates that ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction may be a green, efficient method for the extraction of betulin from white birch bark, and that betulin extracts are potentially useful in cosmetics, food supplements, or pharmaceutical applications.

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Evaluation and analysis of environmentally sustainable methodologies for extraction of betulin from birch bark with a focus on industrial feasibility

Abstract: Evaluation and analysis of environmentally sustainable extraction of betulin from birch bark with a focus on large-scale industrial feasibility.

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Birch Bark Dry Extract by Supercritical Fluid Technology: Extract Characterisation and Use for Stabilisation of Semisolid Systems

Birch Bark Dry Extract by Supercritical Fluid Technology: Extract Characterisation and Use for Stabilisation of Semisolid Systems

Water repellency improvement of cellulosic textile fibers by betulin and a betulin-based copolymer

Parameter Optimization and Potential Bioactivity Evaluation of a Betulin Extract from White Birch Bark

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