Evaluating violations of expectations to find exceptional information

The centroid or consensus of a set of objects with qualitative attributes

“…Fuzzy logic can also be used. Other researchers (Byrne and Hunter, 2005;Hunter et al, 2008) count how many predicates are violated by the bag of observations, and that count is the inconsistency of the bag. For most of us, the most likely value for that property, given a bag of measurements, is just the average or centroid of these values, and the inconsistency of the bag is just the variance r of the observations.…”