Evaluating True Cryptographic Key Space Size

Carlson, Albert; Gang, Garret; Gang, Torsten; Ghosh, Bhaskar; Dutta, Indira Kalyan

doi:10.1109/uemcon53757.2021.9666530

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Among these keys are the RSA secret key (e, n), the additive homomorphic encryption key (n 1 , g), three keys from the 2D chaotic map (a, c, f ), the Paillier public key (µ, λ), and the logistic Sierpinski keys (b , k i ). The established guidelines from IEEE [45] dictate that the standard key space should exceed 10 15×keys ≈ 2 100 , and our proposed encryption techniques meet this requirement, as confirmed by Equation ( 16). keys = 10 15×8 ≈ 2 398 .…”

Section: Brute-force Attack 441 Key-space Analysismentioning

confidence: 58%

Fractal-Based Hybrid Cryptosystem: Enhancing Image Encryption with RSA, Homomorphic Encryption, and Chaotic Maps

Mfungo,

2023

Entropy

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Protecting digital data, especially digital images, from unauthorized access and malicious activities is crucial in today’s digital era. This paper introduces a novel approach to enhance image encryption by combining the strengths of the RSA algorithm, homomorphic encryption, and chaotic maps, specifically the sine and logistic map, alongside the self-similar properties of the fractal Sierpinski triangle. The proposed fractal-based hybrid cryptosystem leverages Paillier encryption for maintaining security and privacy, while the chaotic maps introduce randomness, periodicity, and robustness. Simultaneously, the fractal Sierpinski triangle generates intricate shapes at different scales, resulting in a substantially expanded key space and heightened sensitivity through randomly selected initial points. The secret keys derived from the chaotic maps and Sierpinski triangle are employed for image encryption. The proposed scheme offers simplicity, efficiency, and robust security, effectively safeguarding against statistical, differential, and brute-force attacks. Through comprehensive experimental evaluations, we demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed scheme compared to existing methods in terms of both security and efficiency. This paper makes a significant contribution to the field of digital image encryption, paving the way for further exploration and optimization in the future.

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Section: Brute-force Attack 441 Key-space Analysismentioning

confidence: 58%

Fractal-Based Hybrid Cryptosystem: Enhancing Image Encryption with RSA, Homomorphic Encryption, and Chaotic Maps

Mfungo,

2023

Entropy

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“…In this study, a total of three different keys were utilized; these secret keys are m k obtained from the fuzzy number, 1 k obtained from the hybrid map of the logistic and sine maps, and 2 k obtained from the hybrid of the triangular membership function and the Hénon map. Ideally, key space used in encryption should be larger than 100 2 [34] to handle brute force attack. According to the IEEE [34] standard, the precision number of floating points is 15 10 .…”

Section: Secret Key Space Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ideally, key space used in encryption should be larger than 100 2 [34] to handle brute force attack. According to the IEEE [34] standard, the precision number of floating points is 15 10 . As part of this experiment, where three floating-point keys are utilized, the total number of key spaces can be approximated using Equation (26).…”

Section: Secret Key Space Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Image Encryption Scheme Using Chaotic Maps and Fuzzy Numbers for Secure Transmission of Information

Mfungo

Xian

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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The complexity of chaotic systems, if used in information encryption, can determine the status of security. The paper proposes a novel image encryption scheme that uses chaotic maps and fuzzy numbers for the secure transmission of information. The encryption method combines logistic and sine maps to form the logistic sine map, as well as the fuzzy concept and the Hénon map to form the fuzzy Hénon map, in which these maps are used to generate secure secret keys, respectively. Additionally, a fuzzy triangular membership function is used to modify the initial conditions of the maps during the diffusion process. The encryption process involves scrambling the image pixels, summing adjacent row values, and XORing the result with randomly generated numbers from the chaotic maps. The proposed method is tested against various attacks, including statistical attack analysis, local entropy analysis, differential attack analysis, signal-to-noise ratio, signal-to-noise distortion ratio, mean error square, brute force attack analysis, and information entropy analysis, while the randomness number has been evaluated using the NIST test. This scheme also has a high key sensitivity, which means that a small change in the secret keys can result in a significant change in the encrypted image The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in ensuring the secure transmission of information.

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Exploring Polymorphic Algorithms and Their Use in Cryptography

Singh,

Carlson

2024

2024 IEEE 14th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC)

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Evaluating True Cryptographic Key Space Size

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Fractal-Based Hybrid Cryptosystem: Enhancing Image Encryption with RSA, Homomorphic Encryption, and Chaotic Maps

Fractal-Based Hybrid Cryptosystem: Enhancing Image Encryption with RSA, Homomorphic Encryption, and Chaotic Maps

A Novel Image Encryption Scheme Using Chaotic Maps and Fuzzy Numbers for Secure Transmission of Information

Exploring Polymorphic Algorithms and Their Use in Cryptography

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