Evaluating Transgenic Plants For Suitability in Pest and Resistance Management Programs

Caprio, Michael A.; Sumerford, Douglas V.; Sims, Steven R.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-1547-8_36

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…A low-dose strategy, however, may be complicated by factors not examined in these models. For example, in an analysis of 17 documented cases of Bt resistance, Caprio et al (2000) found that dominance tended to increase as the overall level of resistance provided by a resistance mechanism decreased (although the relative Þtness of the heterozygotes to susceptible homozygotes was relatively constant). The evolution of Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Source-Sink Dynamics Between Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Habitats and Their Role in the Evolution of Resistance

Caprio¹

2001

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The interaction of population dynamics and movement among two habitat types (toxic transgenic fields and nontoxic refuge fields) on the evolution of insecticide resistance was examined in two different simulation models. The two models were developed to test the hypothesis that increasing habitat grain from fine-grained to coarse-grained, and the resultant increase in nonrandom mating, would increase the rate of local adaptation, here the evolution of resistance. The first model, a complex, stochastic spatially explicit model, altered habitat grain by varying adult dispersal rates between habitat patches. In contrast to the expectation that increasing patch isolation and increasing the coarseness of the habitats would increase the rate of resistance evolution, intermediate levels of dispersal actually delayed resistance by as much as fivefold over the range of dispersal levels observed. Source-sink dynamics related to ovipositional patterns and the related population dynamics appear to explain the results. A simple deterministic model was developed to abstract out the separate impacts of mating and ovipositional behaviors. This model showed qualitatively the same results, although under similar assumptions it predicted much longer delays in resistance evolution. In this model, nonrandom mating alone always increased the rate at which insects adapted to transgenic crops, but nonrandom mating in combination with nonrandom oviposition could significantly delay resistance evolution. Differences between the two models may be due to the population regulation incorporated in the spatially explicit model. The models clearly suggest that resistance management programs using untreated refuges should not over-emphasize random mating at the cost of making the habitat too fine-grained.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Source-Sink Dynamics Between Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Habitats and Their Role in the Evolution of Resistance

Caprio¹

2001

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156

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“…Behavioral mechanisms of resistance are also possible when the dose of Bt is more moderate. As a consequence, a greater range of possible outcomes for resistance are expected in a lower-dose situation (Caprio and Sumerford 2007).…”

Section: Confirmation Of Field-evolved Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance evolution remains the major risk to the beneÞts provided by Bt crops (Gould 1998;Caprio and Sumerford 2007;Tabashnik et al 2008Tabashnik et al , 2009. However, there are several key differences between Bt crops and conventional insecticides that directly affect the intensity of selection for resistance in an insect population.…”

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confidence: 99%

Field-Evolved Resistance: Assessing the Problem and Ways to Move Forward

et al. 2013

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"Field-evolved resistance" is defined as a "genetically based decrease in susceptibility of a population to a toxin caused by exposure to the toxin in the field." The key component of "field-evolved" resistance is that it does confer decreased susceptibility to an insecticide in the field. Another key component is that the decrease in susceptibility to the insecticide is because of previous exposure of the target insect to the toxin in the field. Several studies have reported field-evolved resistance to crops engineered to express proteins from the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). However, there has not been a consistent standard in the application of the definition of field-evolved resistance for Bt crops. The inconsistency in applying the definition arises from differences in the methods used to detect resistance, the ecology of the interaction between the pest and the Bt crop, and the effective dose the pest encounters while feeding on the Bt crop. Using case studies of reported resistance to Bt crops, it is demonstrated resistance does not come in a single form, and that in most cases, resistance can still be managed.

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“…Transgenic hybrids are available but they carry a technology fee and transgenic products may not be accepted in some export markets. In addition, the potential exists to develop resistance to the insecticidal protein (Tabashnik, 1994;Caprio et al, 2000). Introduction of an egg parasitoid is an alternative to manage ECB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichogramma Brassicae and SLAM®, an Integrated Approach to Managing European Corn Borer and Corn Rootworms

2005

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European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hu¨bner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae); western corn rootworm (WCRW), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte; and northern corn rootworm (NCRW), Diabrotica barberi (Smith & Lawrence) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are important pests of corn, Zea mays L., that occur simultaneously in the US Corn Belt. Areawide management strategies for northern and western corn rootworm in Iowa, Kansas, South Dakota, Illinois, and Indiana, and for the Mexican strain in Texas, use SLAM Ò , which contains cucurbitacin, a feeding stimulant, and a small amount of the insecticide carbaryl. This management strategy is environmentally sound because it introduces a substantially lesser amount of chemical insecticide into the environment than prophylactic soil insecticide applications for WCRW management. To develop a management program for both corn pests, the compatibility of SLAM Ò to control CRW, along with a biological agent to manage European corn borer, was investigated. Laboratory studies were conducted using the egg parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). In experiments in which SLAM Ò and T. brassicae were evaluated as components of a management system, SLAM Ò did not affect parasitism or parasitoid emergence rates. Trichogramma brassicae displayed vigorous biotic fitness, emergence rates, sex ratios, and fecundity over the duration of the study. Data collected under these laboratory conditions indicated that SLAM Ò had no adverse effect on the quality of T. brassicae, indicated by its ability to reproduce in the filial generation.

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Evaluating Transgenic Plants For Suitability in Pest and Resistance Management Programs

Cited by 37 publications

References 47 publications

Source-Sink Dynamics Between Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Habitats and Their Role in the Evolution of Resistance

Source-Sink Dynamics Between Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Habitats and Their Role in the Evolution of Resistance

Field-Evolved Resistance: Assessing the Problem and Ways to Move Forward

Trichogramma Brassicae and SLAM®, an Integrated Approach to Managing European Corn Borer and Corn Rootworms

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