Evaluating the Virucidal Activity of Disinfectants According to European Union Standards

Tarka, Patryk; Nitsch–Osuch, Aneta

doi:10.3390/v13040534

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Decimal lg Reduction (TCID 50 /mL) The differences observed in the virucidal activity between the tested strains could be related to the classification of the viruses according to their structure [69]. As previously reported, enveloped viruses (e.g., coronaviruses) are more susceptible to disinfectants than non-enveloped viruses, which are the most resistant to disinfectants due to their strong hydrophilic properties (e.g., poliovirus) [70].…”

Section: Test Organismmentioning

confidence: 81%

High-Efficiency Biocidal Solution Based on Radiochemically Synthesized Cu-Au Alloy Nanoparticles

Lungulescu¹,

Setnescu

Patroi³

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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The use of nanotechnologies in the applied biomedical sciences can offer a new way to treat infections and disinfect surfaces, materials, and products contaminated with various types of viruses, bacteria, and fungi. The Cu-Au nanoparticles (NPs) were obtained by an eco-friendly method that allowed the obtaining in a one-step process of size controlled, well dispersed, fully reduced, highly stable NPs at very mild conditions, using high energy ionizing radiations. The gamma irradiation was performed in an aqueous system of Cu2+/Au3+/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)/Ethylene Glycol. After irradiation, the change of color to ruby-red was the first indicator for the formation of NPs. Moreover, the UV-Vis spectra showed a maximum absorption peak between 524 and 540 nm, depending on the copper amount. The Cu-Au NPs presented nearly spherical shapes, sizes between 20 and 90 nm, and a zeta potential of about −44 mV indicating a good electrostatic stability. The biocidal properties performed according to various standards applied in the medical area, in dirty conditions, showed a 5 lg reduction for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus hirae, a 5 lg reduction for both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses such as Adenovirus type 5, Murine Norovirus, and human Coronavirus 229E, and a 4 lg reduction for Candida albicans, respectively. Thus, the radiochemically synthesized Cu-Au alloy NPs proved to have high biocide efficiency against the tested bacteria, fungi, and viruses (both encapsulated and non-encapsulated). Therefore, these nanoparticle solutions are suitable to be used as disinfectants in the decontamination of hospital surfaces or public areas characterized by high levels of microbiological contamination.

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Section: Test Organismmentioning

confidence: 81%

High-Efficiency Biocidal Solution Based on Radiochemically Synthesized Cu-Au Alloy Nanoparticles

Lungulescu¹,

Setnescu

Patroi³

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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“…As a criterion for virucidal efficacy, a decrease of at least 4 log could be considered an adequate standard reduction titer (Tarka and Nitsch-Osuch, 2021). Our experimental data regarding the reduction value of HuNoV titer in cabbage samples 4.65 (GI.6) and 4.28 (GII.4) log for Sample 4 (S4/W10).…”

Section: Virucidal Effect Of Saew In the Food Testmentioning

confidence: 81%

Physicochemical stability and virucidal effect of diluted, slightly acidic electrolyzed water against human norovirus

Lee¹,

Park²,

Yoon³

et al. 2021

Food Sci Biotechnol

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This study aimed to evaluate the virucidal effect and potential use as a disinfectant of undiluted and diluted slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on human noroviruses (HuNoVs) using the in vitro suspension test and in food test. The oxidization reduction potential of SAEW gradually decreased with the increase in distilled water volume. Moreover, as the volume of distilled water and the dilution ratio increased, the available chlorine concentration of the samples significantly decreased from 31.2 ± 0.63 (SAEW) to 1.3 ± 0.21 (1:10 dilution of SAEW solution) (p \ 0.05). Undiluted SAEW presented the lowest pH (5.56 ± 0.02) and as SAEW was diluted in distilled water, the pH of the sample increased. Considering the standard reduction values of pathogenic virus ([ 4.00 log reduction), the reduction value of HuNoVs in cabbage samples was 4.65 (GI.6) and 4.28 (GII.4) log. These results suggest the potential application of SAEW for inactivating HuNoVs in the food industry.

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“…The antiviral activity of PCHS in suspension was assayed following the European standard procedure UNI EN 14476:2019, as indicated by the Technical Committee 216 (TC216) "Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics" of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), which has been developing methods for testing the efficacy of disinfectants in Europe since 1989 [49,52]. Briefly, 10 µL of virus stock suspension (corresponding to 10 5 -10 7 TCID 50 , depending on virus type) were added to 90 µL of the appropriate dilution of PCHS (1:10, 1:50 and 1:100), in the presence of 0.3% of BSA, to mimic the conditions that could be found on a hospital surface ("clean" conditions).…”

Section: Antiviral Activity: Suspension Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these observations, here we assessed the PCHS antiviral efficiency on different enveloped viruses known to be able to persist long on surfaces, namely human coronaviruses HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2, HSV-1, type A influenza viruses of human (human H3N2) and animal (avian H10N1 and swine H1N2) origin, and the modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), this virus being the most resistant among enveloped viruses and for this reason mandatorily included in the European standard procedures used to assess the antiviral properties of disinfectants. The assays were carried out in vitro, following the European standard norms for suspension and surface tests [49], testing both the decontaminating and preventing activity of PCHS in comparison with standard disinfectants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of an Eco-Sustainable Probiotic-Cleaning Formulation in Reducing Infectivity of Enveloped Viruses

D’Accolti

Soffritti

Bonfante

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply influenced sanitization procedures, and high-level disinfection has been massively used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread, with potential negative impact on the environment and on the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Aiming to overcome these concerns, yet preserving the effectiveness of sanitization against enveloped viruses, we assessed the antiviral properties of the Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System (PCHS), an eco-sustainable probiotic-based detergent previously proven to stably abate pathogen contamination and AMR. PCHS (diluted 1:10, 1:50 and 1:100) was tested in comparison to common disinfectants (70% ethanol and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite), in suspension and carrier tests, according with the European UNI EN 14476:2019 and UNI EN 16777:2019 standards. Human alpha- and beta-coronaviruses hCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2, human herpesvirus type 1, human and animal influenza viruses, and vaccinia virus were included in the study. The results showed that PCHS was able to inactivate 99.99% of all tested viruses within 1–2 h of contact, both in suspension and on surface. Notably, while control disinfectants became inactive within 2 h after application, the PCHS antiviral action persisted up to 24 h post-application, suggesting that its use may effectively allow a continuous prevention of virus spread via contaminated environment, without worsening environmental pollution and AMR concern.

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Evaluating the Virucidal Activity of Disinfectants According to European Union Standards

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

High-Efficiency Biocidal Solution Based on Radiochemically Synthesized Cu-Au Alloy Nanoparticles

High-Efficiency Biocidal Solution Based on Radiochemically Synthesized Cu-Au Alloy Nanoparticles

Physicochemical stability and virucidal effect of diluted, slightly acidic electrolyzed water against human norovirus

Potential of an Eco-Sustainable Probiotic-Cleaning Formulation in Reducing Infectivity of Enveloped Viruses

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