Evaluating the use of minerals as forest fire retardants

Liodakis, S.; Antonopoulos, I.; Kakardakis, T.

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2009.11.002

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However there have been other proposed uses of this mineral and its natural blends with huntite, such as its use to fight forest fires [46][47][48][49][50] and its use to control the burning rate of cigarette papers [51,52].…”

Section: Action Of Hydromagnesite and Huntite As A Fire Retardant In mentioning

confidence: 99%

The fire retardant behaviour of huntite and hydromagnesite – A review

Hollingbery

Hull

2010

Polymer Degradation and Stability

132

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Naturally occurring mixtures of hydromagnesite and huntite have found important industrial use. Their endothermic decomposition over a temperature range similar to that of commonly used polymers and their release of water and carbon dioxide, has led to such mixtures being successfully used as fire retardants. They have replaced aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide in many applications. The current understanding of the thermal decomposition mechanism of both minerals and their combination in natural mixtures has been reviewed and related to their fire retardant action. Both minerals contribute to the reduction in flammability of polymers although the extent of these interactions has not been fully investigated. However, the fire retardant mechanism of these minerals appears more complicated than either aluminium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide. This paper critically examines the literature on the fire retardant behaviour of mixtures of hydromagnesite and huntite, providing information of particular use to formulators of fire retardant polymers using these minerals. It also highlights the gaps in understanding of the fire retardant mechanisms of mixtures of hydromagnesite and huntite and areas that require further research.

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Section: Action Of Hydromagnesite and Huntite As A Fire Retardant In mentioning

confidence: 99%

The fire retardant behaviour of huntite and hydromagnesite – A review

Hollingbery

Hull

2010

Polymer Degradation and Stability

132

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“…The thermal degradation of these minerals through endothermic release of carbon dioxide and water has lead to several studies showing the application of mixtures of these minerals including fire retardant polymer compounds , controlling burning rates in cigarettes [43,44], and as a potential material for fighting forest fires [45][46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thermal decomposition of natural mixtures of huntite and hydromagnesite

Hollingbery

Hull

2012

Thermochimica Acta

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“…The fire retardancy of NH 4 Br occurs in the gas phase and is owed to the release of HBr, which acts as a chemical inhibitor. HBr can react with highly reactive species such as H • and OH • (which are released during polymer decomposition and maintain combustion through a chain process) to form Br • , a relatively non-reactive radical:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the impact of fire retardants on the combustion of natural polymers employing DTG and LOI

et al. 2014

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Summary Thermal analysis is widely used for the investigation of the thermal decomposition of polymeric/lignocellulosic materials. Differential thermogravimetry (DTG) curves have been used for the assessment of fire retardants employing a mathematical technique, based on the observation that the DTG profile peaks become less pronounced and are shifted to lower temperatures when a fire retardant is added. The efficiency of a fire retardant is proposed to be assessed from a formula comprising of the following: (i) the depth of the main peak; (ii) the main decomposition peak temperature; (iii) the temperature range of the DTG curve; and (iv) the area above the curve. Initially, four well‐known fire retardants have been assessed for their efficiency on a lignocellulosic matrix (Olea europaea). All the results deriving from the mathematical technique have been compared with the mass residue criterion and a limiting oxygen index test (Relative Limiting Oxygen Index). Both are commonly used as reliable tools for the assessment of a fire retardant. Secondly, the impact of fire retardant concentration on efficiency was investigated. In addition, using mathematical routines, an optimum concentration zone was proposed; further, an optimum concentration value (%) has been estimated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Evaluating the use of minerals as forest fire retardants

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

The fire retardant behaviour of huntite and hydromagnesite – A review

The fire retardant behaviour of huntite and hydromagnesite – A review

The thermal decomposition of natural mixtures of huntite and hydromagnesite

Assessment of the impact of fire retardants on the combustion of natural polymers employing DTG and LOI

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