Evaluating the substantivity of silver diamine fluoride in a dentin model

Abstract

Objectives: The goal of endodontic therapy is to prevent apical periodontitis. This is achieved by biomechanical preparation, microbial control using endodontic irrigants, and complete obturation of the canal space. In order to prevent possible postobturation complications and for an added antimicrobial effect, substantivity is a desired characteristic of endodontic irrigants. Currently the most commonly used endodontic irrigant that produces an antibacterial substantivity effect is chlorohexidine (CHX). Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topically applied agent for managing dental caries and has shown to stop caries lesion progression. The objective of this study was to compare the antimicrobial substantivity effect of 3.8% SDF against other commonly used endodontic irrigants such as 2% CHX and 6.25% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).Material and methods: Using a diffusion disc assay we determined the antimicrobial activities of 38%, 3.8%, 0.38%, and 0.038% of SDF against the bacterium Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. Subsequently, we compared the levels of colonization of E. faecalis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 1.5-and 3-week time intervals on dentin pretreated with 3.8% SDF, 6.25% NaOCl, 2% CHX or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Results:The diffusion disc assay demonstrated that 38% and 3.8% of SDF inhibited the growth of E. faecalis. Moreover, the substantivity of 3.8% SDF (p < 0.01) was comparable to 2% CHX (p < 0.01) and it is significantly greater than 6.25% of NaOCl compared to the PBS treated samples after 1.5 and 3 weeks of incubation.Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrate that SDF possesses antimicrobial properties against the opportunistic pathogen E. faecalis. Moreover, using a dentin model we show the substantivity of 3.8% SDF is significantly greater than 6.25% NaOCl, but is comparable to 2% CHX.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Different Root Canal Irrigants in Primary Teeth: Clinical Study

“…Propolis is a natural herbal product that has gained increased interest due to its antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms due to the presence of flavonoid content. 15 The antibacterial effect of 2.5% NaOCl was less than that of 3.8% SDF which was consistent with the results of Minavi et al 16 On the other hand, Al-Madi et al 17 found that 3.8% SDF had a significantly larger percentage of dead cells than 2% CHX, but 5.25% NaOCl as a positive control group showed the greatest percentage of dead cells. This may be attributed to the higher concentration of NaOCl that they used.…”

Effect of silver diamine fluoride on hyperplastic gingivitis in an adult with intellectual disability—A case report

“…Beyond periodontal therapy, SDF has also shown potential benefits for endodontics. 8,9 A concentration of 3.8% SDF used as endodontic irrigant showed substantivity effects in Enterococcus faecalis better than 6.25% sodium hypochlorite. 8 SDF at 3.8% also penetrated dentinal tubules beyond the smear layer, depositing silver salts.…”

“…8,9 A concentration of 3.8% SDF used as endodontic irrigant showed substantivity effects in Enterococcus faecalis better than 6.25% sodium hypochlorite. 8 SDF at 3.8% also penetrated dentinal tubules beyond the smear layer, depositing silver salts. 9 Staining in root canals would also not pose an aesthetic concern.…”

Effect of Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF on human calvarial osteoblast apoptosis

“…The strain OG1RF is a rifampicin-and fusidic acid-resistant derivative of a caries-related strain OG1 isolated in 1975 [21,22]. Because of its oral rather than urinary origin (e.g., ATCC 29,212), it is commonly used to investigate the pathogenicity of E. faecalis in apical periodontitis [23,24]. We examined the mRNA expression of 84 apoptosisrelated genes, and explored the role of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 family in E. faecalis-induced osteoblast apoptosis.…”