Evaluating the structural properties of bioactive‐loaded nanocarriers with modern analytical tools

Abstract

With the emergence of nanocarriers for offering smart transformers improving the bioavailability and functionality of food bioactive compounds, a critical issue is experimental and analytical evaluation of the bioactive-loaded nanocarriers; so, further technical advancements are necessary for the precise structural characterization of these nanodelivery systems and application of sophisticated analytical techniques. Here, we have portrayed the current progress in the structural characterization approaches including X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering/small-angle neutron scattering as powerful and informative tools to have a better control on the design, development, and appraisal of nanoengineered bioactive delivery systems. Different examples and case studies have been tabulated along with illustrative and schematic representation of relevant results. An emerging view concerning the challenges for future structural characterization of these systems is also discussed in detail.

Protein complex nanoparticles reinforced with industrial hemp essential oil: Characterization and application for shelf-life extension of Rainbow trout fillets

“…All NPs presented negative zeta potential and all PDI indexes were<0.3 ( Table 2 ). It is worth to mention that the less the PDI values, the more uniform the particle diameter distribution and the smaller the range of particle size ( Rostamabadi et al, 2020 ). The zeta potential of WPNF-MBP NPs not reinforced with IHEO was about −37.26 mV, significantly different from that of WPNF-MBP NPs reinforced with IHEO.…”

Improving grindability and bioaccessibility of chicken bone by in situ steam explosion

“…X-Ray diffraction of chicken bone powder X-ray diffraction was an efficient technique for determining the crystallinity in samples, which can reflect the change in the chemical structure of the sample (Rostamabadi et al, 2020). The X-ray diffraction patterns of native and in situ steam-exploded chicken bone powders from 10°to 90°are shown in Fig.…”

Recent advances in structural characterization of biomacromolecules in foods via small-angle X-ray scattering

“…Since SAXS was first used to study the geometry of typical milk proteins β-lactoglobulin tetramer, there have been nearly 60 years of research on food biomacromolecules. Several studies have reviewed the advances and applications of SAXS in food field (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Gilbert summarized the principle and the latest activities in the application of SAXS to food colloids (14).…”