Evaluating the state dependency of the Temperament and Character Inventory dimensions in patients with major depression: a methodological contribution

Hirano, Shigeki; Sato, Tetsuya; Narita, Tomohiro; Kusunoki, Kazunori; Ozaki, Norio; Kimura, Satoshi; Takahashi, Toshihiko; Sakado, Kaoru; Uehara, Toru

doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00329-3

Cited by 130 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Since HA changes have been found to correlate with depressive scores [49] our results are in line with previous literature [26,50] and with the improvement we reported on the clinician-rated assessments of anxiety and depression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Personality and Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson’s Disease

Abbate-Daga

Marzola

Amianto

et al. 2014

INDJ

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Aims: Certain personality features and psychiatric symptoms are often observed in Parkinson's Disease (PD) but the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) on psychiatric aspects of PD remain largely unclear. We aimed to evaluate changes in personality and psychiatric symptoms before and after STN-DBS in patients affected by PD. Moreover, motor symptoms and L-dopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) were also investigated. Methodology: Eighteen PD patients consecutively admitted at the San Giovanni Battista Hospital of the University of Turin to undergo STN-DBS were recruited. Participants were neurologically assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and the Hoehn and Yahr scale. They were also psychiatrically evaluated with both self-report and clinician-rated instruments: Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory -Y form (STAI-Y), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Original Research ArticleInternational Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal, 2(6): 356-367, 2014 357 Results: After STN-DBS, temperament dimensions of the TCI significantly changed whilst character did not. Moreover, both HAM-D and HAM-A improved but BDI and STAI-Y resulted unmodified. We found significant improvements as regards the UPDRS part II and part III scales and L-dopa equivalent daily dose. Conclusions: The change we found on biological dimensions of temperament after STN-DBS raises the intriguing hypothesis that surgery may entail subtle modifications of personality in PD patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Personality and Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson’s Disease

Abbate-Daga

Marzola

Amianto

et al. 2014

INDJ

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“…While higher harm avoidance has been consistently linked to mood disorders in general (Cloninger et al, 1994;Brown et al, 1992;Joffe et al, 1993;Hirano et al, 2002), and with bipolar disorder in particular (Blairy et al, 2000;Osher et al, 1996;Osher et al, 1999;Engstrom et al, 2004a;Evans et al, 2005), higher novelty seeking in bipolar patients compared to both unipolar patients and healthy individuals has been reported by one study (Young et al, 1995). In the same study, bipolar patients presented higher novelty seeking than unipolar patients, and both groups had higher harm avoidance than the healthy control group, indicating that the combination of higher novelty seeking and harm avoidance might be a characteristic of bipolarity.…”

Section: Personality Differences Between Bipolar Patients and Healthymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors contend that the clinical mood state influences patients' self-perceptions and therefore, should be considered when symptomatic patients are evaluated , whereas others claim that patients' responses during different illness phases are internally consistent, have a high agreement with ratings from informants and may actually reflect real personality changes intrinsic to the episode (Bagby et al, 1998;Costa Jr. 2005). Regarding the TCI, some studies demonstrate a possible mood state effect for harm avoidance, selfdirectedness and cooperativeness in unipolar patients (Brown et al, 1992;Chien and Dunner, 1996;Kleifield et al, 1994;Hirano et al, 2002). On the other hand, Sato et al (2001) demonstrated that the TCI has a high internal consistency and a factor structure that is robust against mild to moderate states of depression (as it is in this study).…”

Section: Personality Differences In Bipolar Disorder With Comorbid Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperament and character traits in patients with bipolar disorder and associations with comorbid alcoholism or anxiety disorders

Nery

Hatch

Glahn

et al. 2008

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Temperament and character traits may determine differences in clinical presentations and outcome of bipolar disorder. We compared personality traits in bipolar patients and healthy individuals using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and sought to verify whether comorbidity with alcoholism or anxiety disorders is associated with specific personality traits. Seventy three DSM-IV bipolar patients were compared to 63 healthy individuals using the TCI. In a second step, the bipolar sample was subgrouped according to the presence of psychiatric comorbidity (alcoholism, n = 10; anxiety disorders; n = 23; alcoholism plus anxiety disorders, n = 21; no comorbidity, n = 19). Bipolar patients scored statistically higher than the healthy individuals on novelty seeking, harm avoidance and self-transcendence and lower on self-directedness and cooperativeness. Bipolar patients with only comorbid alcoholism scored statistically lower than bipolar patients without any comorbidity on persistence. Bipolar patients with only comorbid anxiety disorders scored statistically higher on harm avoidance and lower on self-directedness than bipolar patients without any comorbidity. Limitations of this study include the cross-sectional design and the small sample size, specifically Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. in the analysis of the subgroups. However, our results suggest that bipolar patients exhibit a different personality structure than healthy individuals and that presence of psychiatric comorbidity in bipolar disorder is associated with specific personality traits. These findings suggest that personality, at least to some extent, mediates the comorbidity phenomena in bipolar disorder.

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“…TCI is a 240 item true/false questionnaire measuring four dimensions of temperament (novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD), and persistence (P)) and three dimensions of character (self-directedness (SD), cooperativeness (C), and self-transcendence (ST)), developed on the basis of a psychobiological model of personality. Although TCI has been frequently used in the studies of mood disorders Celikel et al, 2009;de Winter et al, 2007;Engstrom et al, 2004;Farmer et al, 2003;Hansenne et al, 1999;Hirano et al, 2002;Kimura et al, 2000;Loftus et al, 2008;Marijnissen et al, 2002;Matsudaira and Kitamura, 2006;Naito et al, 2000;Richter et al, 2000;, no studies to date have compared TCI score profiles of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression during their depressed states. We aimed to identify personality profiles specific to either unipolar or bipolar depression, which could aid in the were also assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV by a trained psychiatrist to confirm the diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in Temperament and Character Inventory scores between depressed patients with bipolar II and unipolar major depressive disorders

Sasayama¹,

Hori²,

Teraishi³

et al. 2011

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background: Although some core personality variables are known to be characteristic of unipolar or bipolar depression, few studies have compared the personality profile between these two disorders.Methods: Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was employed to assess the personality of 36 depressed patients with bipolar II disorder (BPII), 90 patients with unipolar major depressive disorder (UP), and 306 healthy controls. The TCI was administered during the depressive episode in BPII and UP patients so that the results can be applied in a clinical setting.Results: Significantly higher scores in harm avoidance (pb0.0001) and lower scores in selfdirectedness (pb0.0001) and cooperativeness (pb0.05) were observed in both BPII and UP patients compared to controls. Lower novelty seeking in UP patients compared to BPII patients and controls was observed in females (pb0.0001, pb0.01, respectively).A significant difference in self-transcendence score was observed between BPII and UP patients in females (pb0.0005), with higher scores in BPII (p=0.009) and lower scores in UP (p=0.046) patients compared to controls. A logistic regression model predicted BPII 3 3 in depressed females based on novelty seeking and self-transcendence scores with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 73%, but did not accurately predict BPII in males.Limitations: Patients in our study were limited to those receiving outpatient treatments, and bipolar patients were limited to those with BPII.Conclusions: Novelty seeking and self-transcendence scores of TCI might be useful in the differentiation of UP and BPII in female patients.

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Evaluating the state dependency of the Temperament and Character Inventory dimensions in patients with major depression: a methodological contribution

Cited by 130 publications

References 25 publications

Personality and Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson’s Disease

Personality and Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson’s Disease

Temperament and character traits in patients with bipolar disorder and associations with comorbid alcoholism or anxiety disorders

Difference in Temperament and Character Inventory scores between depressed patients with bipolar II and unipolar major depressive disorders

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