Evaluating the selectivity of colorimetric test (Fast Blue BB salt) for the cannabinoids identification in marijuana street samples by UV–Vis, TLC, ESI(+)FT-ICR MS and ESI(+)MS/MS

Santos, Nayara A. dos; Souza, Lindamara M.; Domingos, Eloilson; França, Hildegardo Seibert; Lacerda, Valdemar; Beatriz, Adilson; Vaz, Boniek G.; Rodrigues, Rayza R.T.; Carvalho, Veronica V.; Merlo, Bianca B.; Kuster, Ricardo Machado; Romão, Wanderson

doi:10.1016/j.forc.2016.07.001

Cited by 34 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The authors found stable diazo compounds were produced with cannabinoids in alkaline media (Figure g). More recently, Dos Santos et al used UV–Vis, TLC and mass spectrometric methods to evaluate the selectivity of Fast Blue BB salt for cannabinoids in street samples and proved the increased selectivity of FBBBS over FBBS. Dos Santos et al undertook studies to determine the structure of the products and thus a better understanding of the chemical reaction taking place.…”

Section: Chemistry Of Common Color Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FBBS is present in Clarke's as a visualization reagent in thin layer chromatography (TLC) due to the different colors seen with cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, and cannabidiol . The principal screening test for cannabis used by Brazilian Forensic Police is a Fast Blue B or BB salt …”

Section: Chemistry Of Common Color Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…61 The principal screening test for cannabis used by Brazilian Forensic Police is a Fast Blue B or BB salt. 60 Zwikker 62 first described the use of an aqueous copper sulfatepyridine solution for detecting barbiturates in 1931. In efforts to determine the mechanism, Levi and Hubley 63 later detailed the enolized barbituric acid ion interacts with a positively charged copper-pyridine complex ion ( Figure 4h).…”

Section: Drug Class Selectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of chemical ‘spot’ tests: A presumptive illicit drug identification technique

Philp

2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

121

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Chemical 'spot' tests are a presumptive illicit drug identification technique commonly used by law enforcement, border security personnel, and forensic laboratories. The simplicity, low cost, and rapid results afforded by these tests make them particularly attractive for presumptive identification globally. In this paper, we review the development of these long-established methods and discuss color test recommendations and guidelines. A search of the scientific literature revealed the chemical reactions occurring in many color tests are either not actively investigated or reported as unknown.Today, color tests face many challenges, from the appearance of new psychoactive substances to concerns regarding selectivity, sensitivity, and safety. Advances in technology have seen color test reagents used in digital image color analysis, solid sensors, and microfluidic devices for illicit drug detection. This summarizes current research and suggests the future of presumptive color testing. KEYWORDScolor spot test, illicit drugs, new psychoactive substances, presumptive identification, seized material

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Section: Chemistry Of Common Color Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemistry Of Common Color Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drug Class Selectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of chemical ‘spot’ tests: A presumptive illicit drug identification technique

Philp

2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

121

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“…In contrast to the fragmentation profile observed for the molecules of Δ 9 -THC and CBD (Figures 4a and 4b), the fragmentation profiles of m/z 357 were quite distinct. For the CBDA standard (Figure 7a For the ESI(-)MS/MS results of the ∆ 9 -THCA A standard (Figure 7b), the m/z 357 → 313 transitions result in the main neutral loss of 44 Da (CO 2 ) and formation of Δ 9 -THC, 5,15 Figure S6 (SI section).…”

Section: Uplc-esi(-)qtof-ms Uplc-esi(-)twim-ms and Esi(-)ms/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 The most abundant cannabinoids present in the Cannabis plant are: 9,10 (i) cannabidiol (CBD), an anticonvulsant drug tested in treatments of epileptic patients, 11 in addition to being anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antipsychotic, antispasmodic and analgesic; 12 (ii) cannabigerol (CBG), which has antiproliferative and antiglaucoma activities 13 as well as antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and analgesic activities; 12 (iii) cannabinol (CBN), 1 a sedative and anticonvulsant that is anti-inflammatory; 12 (iv) cannabichromene (CBC), which is anti-inflammatory, antifungal and analgesic; 12 and (v) Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), the main psychoactive compound of the Cannabis plant. 1,[14][15][16][17][18] Most cannabinoids have a 21 carbon atom structural feature, with possible variations in the length of their side chains (C1-C5) attached to the aromatic ring. In the most common homologs, the n-pentyl side chain is replaced by n-propyl, and these analogues are named using the suffix "varin", for example, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ 9 -THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV) and cannabinovarin (CBNV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Isomeric Cannabinoid Standards and Cannabis Products by UPLC‑ESI‑TWIM-MS: a Comparison with GC‑MS and GC × GC-QMS

Santos¹,

Tose²,

Silva³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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The Cannabis sativa L. plant has a complex chemical composition, containing various chemical compounds such as terpenes, sugars, hydrocarbons, steroids, flavonoids, and amino acids. Few works have attempted to identify the constitutional isomers of cannabinoids that are found in the plant. The present study reported the analysis of seven cannabinoid standards: five neutral and two acidic, as well as Cannabis products (hashish and marijuana) and parts of the Cannabis plant (flower and leaf) using mono-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole MS (GC × GC-QMS), ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight (UPLC-ESI-QTOF)-MS and UPLC-ESI-travelling wave ion mobility (TWIM)-MS. The results of GC-MS demonstrated close retention times (∆t R = 1.303 min) in separation of the five cannabinoid standards, whereas GC × GC-QMS provided a substantially better identification and distinction of constitutional isomers of cannabinoids, where a total of 11 cannabinoids were identified in the hashish sample. UPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-TWIM-MS data obtained complete chemical information, in which ESI(+) revealed the presence of seven constitutional isomers of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆ 9-THC), whereas ESI(-) proved the presence of four isomers of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (Δ 9-THCA A).

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Organic Thin‐Film Transistors as Cannabinoid Sensors: Effect of Analytes on Phthalocyanine Film Crystallization

Comeau

Rice

Harris

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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With a growing international trend of Cannabis legalization, there is a present need for on-the-spot, low cost, and rapid detection of cannabinoids. Here, relationships between thin-films of phthalocyanines (Pcs) with a variety of central, peripheral, and axial substituents and their response to the cannabinoid Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), with and without a cannabinoid-sensitive chromophore (Fast Blue BB) are investigated through organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) performance. X-ray diffraction and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy measurements demonstrate significantly altered film morphologies and the formation of new crystal orientations in response to analytes, which are corroborated by scanning electron microscopy. Electron paramagnetic resonance further corroborates shifting crystal structures in response to THC and also reveals the formation and promotion of Pc radical species through THC-metal coordination. With exposure to THC, aluminum chloride Pc generates the largest physical film changes as well as the largest changes in OTFT performance. These findings suggest that the semiconductor thin-film morphologies in Pc-based OTFT sensors are not static in the presence of analytes and that the sensing response is driven both by strong analyte-Pc coordination and bulk film restructuring to accommodate these interactions.

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Evaluating the selectivity of colorimetric test (Fast Blue BB salt) for the cannabinoids identification in marijuana street samples by UV–Vis, TLC, ESI(+)FT-ICR MS and ESI(+)MS/MS

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

A review of chemical ‘spot’ tests: A presumptive illicit drug identification technique

A review of chemical ‘spot’ tests: A presumptive illicit drug identification technique

Analysis of Isomeric Cannabinoid Standards and Cannabis Products by UPLC‑ESI‑TWIM-MS: a Comparison with GC‑MS and GC × GC-QMS

Organic Thin‐Film Transistors as Cannabinoid Sensors: Effect of Analytes on Phthalocyanine Film Crystallization

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