Evaluating the roles of the inferior frontal gyrus and superior parietal lobule in deductive reasoning: An rTMS study

Tsujii, Takeo; Sakatani, Kaoru; Masuda, Shinya; Akiyama, Takekazu; Watanabe, Shigeru

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.076

Cited by 60 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…In addition to its classic role in speech production, Broca's area (left inferior frontal cortex) has been associated with processing inputs that are congruent with pre‐existing heuristics (Tsujii et al. 2011), in line with a general suggestion of abstract internal representations that constrain the analysis of subsequent speech inputs (Wildgruber et al. 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Bilateral superior parietal cortex (BA7) has been associated with performance on incongruent material (Tsujii et al. 2011). This association coupled with the waning right hemisphere activity in secondary visual cortex (BA19) is compatible with a transition from attention to audio‐visual congruence/incongruence and its processing, to identifying the audio‐visual stimulus toward response selection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio‐temporal distribution of brain activity associated with audio‐visually congruent and incongruent speech and the McGurk Effect

2015

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IntroductionSpatio‐temporal distributions of cortical activity to audio‐visual presentations of meaningless vowel‐consonant‐vowels and the effects of audio‐visual congruence/incongruence, with emphasis on the McGurk effect, were studied. The McGurk effect occurs when a clearly audible syllable with one consonant, is presented simultaneously with a visual presentation of a face articulating a syllable with a different consonant and the resulting percept is a syllable with a consonant other than the auditorily presented one.MethodsTwenty subjects listened to pairs of audio‐visually congruent or incongruent utterances and indicated whether pair members were the same or not. Source current densities of event‐related potentials to the first utterance in the pair were estimated and effects of stimulus–response combinations, brain area, hemisphere, and clarity of visual articulation were assessed.ResultsAuditory cortex, superior parietal cortex, and middle temporal cortex were the most consistently involved areas across experimental conditions. Early (<200 msec) processing of the consonant was overall prominent in the left hemisphere, except right hemisphere prominence in superior parietal cortex and secondary visual cortex. Clarity of visual articulation impacted activity in secondary visual cortex and Wernicke's area. McGurk perception was associated with decreased activity in primary and secondary auditory cortices and Wernicke's area before 100 msec, increased activity around 100 msec which decreased again around 180 msec. Activity in Broca's area was unaffected by McGurk perception and was only increased to congruent audio‐visual stimuli 30–70 msec following consonant onset.ConclusionsThe results suggest left hemisphere prominence in the effects of stimulus and response conditions on eight brain areas involved in dynamically distributed parallel processing of audio‐visual integration. Initially (30–70 msec) subcortical contributions to auditory cortex, superior parietal cortex, and middle temporal cortex occur. During 100–140 msec, peristriate visual influences and Wernicke's area join in the processing. Resolution of incongruent audio‐visual inputs is then attempted, and if successful, McGurk perception occurs and cortical activity in left hemisphere further increases between 170 and 260 msec.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio‐temporal distribution of brain activity associated with audio‐visually congruent and incongruent speech and the McGurk Effect

2015

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“…The second aim of the present study was to demonstrate recent findings of rTMS studies in our laboratory which elucidated the roles of the inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and the superior parietal lobule (SPL) in human deductive reasoning (Tsujii et al, 2010a(Tsujii et al, , 2011a. Especially, we adopted an off-line rTMS method in which lowfrequency rTMS is delivered to a specific brain area over several minutes to disrupt normal functioning of this area transiently after stimulation (Devlin et al, 2003;Hamidi et al, 2008Hamidi et al, , 2009Hilgetag et al, 2001;Miller et al, 2008;Robertson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Fig 1 Materials Design Of the Belief-bias Effectmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In the first experiment, we examine the effect of low-frequency magnetic stimulation at IFC region on performance of congruent and incongruent reasoning performance (Tsujii et al, 2010a). In the second experiment (Tsujii et al, 2011a), we investigated the effect of rTMS at SPL (superior parietal lobule) on the performance of abstract reasoning in which semantic content was lacking (e.g., "All P is B"). The stimulation sites of IFC and SPL were presented in Fig.…”

Section: Tms Study In Deductive Reasoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Mechanisms for Dual-Process Reasoning: Evidence from the Belief-Bias Effect

Tsujii¹,

Sakatani²

2012

Advances in Brain Imaging

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“…Neuroimaging studies indicate that different brain regions are active when reasoning is influenced by belief compared with when the effects of belief are inhibited (Goel & Dolan, 2003). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of different brain regions selectively influence the degree of belief bias (Tsujii, Sakatani, Masuda, Akiyama, & Watanabe, 2011). Hence, belief bias is influenced by a range of cognitive and dispositional factors, and it appears to arise from the interaction of different systems in the brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Activation Level on Belief Bias in Relational Reasoning

Banks

2013

Cognitive Science

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A novel explanation of belief bias in relational reasoning is presented based on the role of working memory and retrieval in deductive reasoning, and the influence of prior knowledge on this process. It is proposed that belief bias is caused by the believability of a conclusion in working memory which influences its activation level, determining its likelihood of retrieval and therefore its effect on the reasoning process. This theory explores two main influences of belief on the activation levels of these conclusions. First, believable conclusions have higher activation levels and so are more likely to be recalled during the evaluation of reasoning problems than unbelievable conclusions, and therefore, they have a greater influence on the reasoning process. Secondly, prior beliefs about the conclusion have a base level of activation and may be retrieved when logically irrelevant, influencing the evaluation of the problem. The theory of activation and memory is derived from the Atomic Components of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) cognitive architecture and so this account is formalized in an ACT-R cognitive model. Two experiments were conducted to test predictions of this model. Experiment 1 tested strength of belief and Experiment 2 tested the impact of a concurrent working memory load. Both of these manipulations increased the main effect of belief overall and in particular raised belief-based responding in indeterminately invalid problems. These effects support the idea that the activation level of conclusions formed during reasoning influences belief bias. This theory adds to current explanations of belief bias by providing a detailed specification of the role of working memory and how it is influenced by prior knowledge.

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Evaluating the roles of the inferior frontal gyrus and superior parietal lobule in deductive reasoning: An rTMS study

Cited by 60 publications

References 56 publications

Spatio‐temporal distribution of brain activity associated with audio‐visually congruent and incongruent speech and the McGurk Effect

Spatio‐temporal distribution of brain activity associated with audio‐visually congruent and incongruent speech and the McGurk Effect

Neural Mechanisms for Dual-Process Reasoning: Evidence from the Belief-Bias Effect

The Influence of Activation Level on Belief Bias in Relational Reasoning

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