Evaluating the relationship between cannabis use and IQ in youth and young adults at clinical high risk of psychosis

Buchy, Lisa; Seidman, Larry J.; Cadenhead, Kristin S.; Cannon, Tyrone D.; Cornblatt, Barbara A.; McGlashan, Thomas H.; Perkins, Diana O.; Stone, William S.; Tsuang, Ming T.; Walker, Elaine F.; Woods, Scott W.; Bearden, Carrie E.; Mathalon, Daniel H.; Addington, Jean

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.033

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…In our earlier paper on substance use (Buchy et al, 2015) we did not observe differences in converters and non-converters in terms of baseline severity and frequency of cannabis use on the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Scale (Drake et al, 1996). However, a recent meta-analysis (Kraan et al, 2016) supports the notion that it may be more severe use such as that meeting DSM criteria versus ratings of use is what differentiates converters and non-converters with respect to cannabis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…In the first paper, it was reported that 51% of CHR study participants presented with an anxiety disorder but there was no association between baseline anxiety disorder and later conversion to psychosis (McAusland et al, 2015). In the second paper, those at CHR had an increased level of severity of cannabis use with respect to their healthy peers, but did not use cannabis more frequently and no association was reported between cannabis use and later conversion to psychosis (Buchy et al, 2015). However, this paper only focused on ratings of severity and frequency of substance use and not DSM-IV diagnoses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comorbid diagnoses for youth at clinical high risk of psychosis

Addington

Piškulić

Liu

et al. 2017

Schizophrenia Research

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101

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Several studies have demonstrated that youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis have a high prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders. Less is known about the impact of comorbid diagnoses on later conversion to psychosis and the change over time. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of psychiatric diagnoses at baseline and over time in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2) and the role of comorbid diagnoses in conversion to psychosis. The NAPLS 2 sample consisted of 744 CHR youth and 276 healthy controls. Only 21% of the CHR group did not have a comorbid diagnosis with many have 2–3 DSM-IV comorbid diagnoses. The most common diagnoses were anxiety and depressive disorders, which did improve over time. The only diagnosis at baseline that differentiated the converters from the non-converters was cannabis misuse. Comorbidity, except for cannabis use, was essentially independent of clinical outcome. It is possible that those with comorbid diagnoses are preferentially the help-seeking individuals that present for help in our clinics and research projects and that those who at risk but do not have a comorbid diagnosis may not be seeking help in the prodromal phase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comorbid diagnoses for youth at clinical high risk of psychosis

Addington

Piškulić

Liu

et al. 2017

Schizophrenia Research

Self Cite

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In most studies, it has been impossible to control for pre-existing differences in cognitive capabilities, genetics, or for use of other substances (Hooper et al, 2014;Rogeberg, 2013). Moreover, several clinical studies have failed to find differences between cannabis users and controls on cognitive measures (Buchy et al, 2015;Jager et al, 2006;Mokrysz et al, 2016). Now, with the increasing legalization of marijuana, medicinal use, and perception of safety, it is expected that the use of cannabis and cannabinoid-related compounds in adolescence will continue to rise (Miech et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Adolescent Cannabinoid Self-Administration in Rats on Addiction-Related Behaviors and Working Memory

Kirschmann

Pollock

Nagarajan

et al. 2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Use of marijuana (Cannabis sativa) often begins in adolescence, and heavy adolescent marijuana use is often associated with impaired cognitive function in adulthood. However, clinical reports of long-lasting cognitive deficits, particularly in subjects who discontinue use in adulthood, are mixed. Moreover, dissociating innate differences in cognitive function from cannabis-induced deficits is challenging. Therefore, the current study sought to develop a rodent model of adolescent cannabinoid self-administration (SA), using the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 (WIN), in order to assess measures of relapse/reinstatement of drug seeking and long-term effects on cognitive function assessed in a delay-match-to-sample working memory task and a spatial recognition task. Adolescent male rats readily self-administered WIN in 2-h or 6-h sessions/day, but did not demonstrate an escalation of intake with 6-h access. Rats exhibited significant cue-induced reinstatement of WIN seeking that increased with 21 days of abstinence (ie, 'incubation of craving'). Cognitive testing occurred in adulthood under drug-free conditions. Both 2-h and 6-h adolescent WIN SA groups exhibited significantly better working memory performance in adulthood relative to sucrose SA controls, and performance was associated with altered expression of proteins regulating GABAergic and glutamatergic signaling in the prefrontal cortex. Self-administered WIN did not produce either acute or chronic effects on short-term memory, but experimenter administration of WIN in adolescence, at doses previously reported in the literature, produced acute deficits in short-term memory that recovered with abstinence. Thus, SA of a rewarding cannabinoid in adolescence does not produce long-term cognitive dysfunction.

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“…Earlier age of onset of cannabis use also plays an integral role in academic performance. The study conducted by Buchy et al [ 23 ] examined the relationship between IQ and cannabis use among 678 youth at clinical high risk of psychosis and 263 health controls [ 23 ]. They concluded that there were significant differences in IQ scores among early onset, late-onset, and naïve cannabis users [ 23 ].…”

Section: Cognitive Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study conducted by Buchy et al [ 23 ] examined the relationship between IQ and cannabis use among 678 youth at clinical high risk of psychosis and 263 health controls [ 23 ]. They concluded that there were significant differences in IQ scores among early onset, late-onset, and naïve cannabis users [ 23 ]. IQ scores were significantly higher among late-onset cannabis users when compared to early onset and naïve cannabis users [ 23 ].…”

Section: Cognitive Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review investigating the relationship between cannabis use and adolescent cognitive functioning

Cyrus¹,

Coudray²,

Kiplagat³

et al. 2021

Current Opinion in Psychology

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Highlights Early age of onset of cannabis use among adolescents is associated with increased likelihood of poor cognitive function and mental health. Persistent cannabis use is associated with decreased academic performance scores. Racial disparities exist among adolescent cannabis users as well as the negative sequalae associated with cannabis use in this group. Adolescents from states with medical marijuana laws were less likely to use marijuana in the past 30 days. Mitigation methods associated with COVID-19 could directly impact cannabis use and mental health among adolescents.

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Evaluating the relationship between cannabis use and IQ in youth and young adults at clinical high risk of psychosis

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Comorbid diagnoses for youth at clinical high risk of psychosis

Comorbid diagnoses for youth at clinical high risk of psychosis

Effects of Adolescent Cannabinoid Self-Administration in Rats on Addiction-Related Behaviors and Working Memory

A review investigating the relationship between cannabis use and adolescent cognitive functioning

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