Evaluating the purification and activation of metal-organic frameworks from a technical and circular economy perspective

Woodliffe, John Luke; Ferrari, Rebecca; Ahmed, Ifty; Laybourn, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213578

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…The consumption of solvents during the synthesis, purification, and activation process of MOFs should follow the principles of green chemistry. Usually, the intrinsic and permanent pore of raw MOFs is to some extent blocked by various agents, like unreacted linker, modulator, and high boiling point or coordinating solvents [21j] . To gain the full porosity, thorough washing (purification or solvent exchange) with bulk solvents is the most common strategy [67] .…”

Section: Green Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Showcase of Green Chemistry: Sustainable Synthetic Approach of Zirconium‐Based MOF Materials

2021

Chemistry A European J

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Zirconium‐based metal‐organic framework materials (Zr−MOFs) have more practical usage over most conventional benchmark porous materials and even many other MOFs due to the excellent structural stability, rich coordination forms, and various active sites. However, their mass‐production and application are restricted by the high‐cost raw materials, complex synthesis procedures, harsh reaction conditions, and unexpected environmental impact. Based on the principles of “Green Chemistry”, considerable efforts have been done for breaking through the limitations, and significant progress has been made in the sustainable synthesis of Zr−MOFs over the past decade. In this review, the advancements of green raw materials and green synthesis methods in the synthesis of Zr−MOFs are reviewed, along with the corresponding drawbacks. The challenges and prospects are discussed and outlooked, expecting to provide guidance for the acceleration of the industrialization and commercialization of Zr−MOFs.

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Section: Green Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Showcase of Green Chemistry: Sustainable Synthetic Approach of Zirconium‐Based MOF Materials

2021

Chemistry A European J

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“…This is consistent with the thermal analysis and results from introducing defect sites through the partial removal of the phen and bpdc ligands. 52 The SA and PV both decrease after outgassing at 300 °C, possibly due to pore blockages caused by the released ligands, 53 yet the material clearly maintains porosity and crystallinity. We note the presence of white powder deposited on the upper cooler regions of the analysis tubes after analysis that exhibits yellow and blue luminescence, characteristic of bpdc and phen, respectively (Photo S1).…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks for Radionuclide Sequestration and Detection

Surbella

Reilly

Sinnwell

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Two lanthanide-containing porous coordination polymers, [Ln2(bpdc)6(phen)2]·nH2O (1) and [Ln2(bpdc)6(terpy)2]·3H2O (2) (Ln = Pr, Nd, or Sm–Dy; bpdc: 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid; phen: 1,10-phenanthroline; and terpy: 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine), have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic analyses reveal that compounds 1 and 2 feature Ln3+-containing dimeric nodes that form a porous two-dimensional (2D) and nonporous three-dimensional (3D) framework, respectively. Each material is stable in aqueous media between pH 3 and 10 and exhibits modest thermal stability up to ∼400 °C. Notably, a portion of the phen and bpdc ligands in 1 can be removed thermally, without compromising the crystal structure, causing the surface area and pore volume to increase. The optical properties of 1 and 2 with Gd3+, Sm3+, Tb3+, and Eu3+ are explored in the solid state using absorbance, fluorescence, and lifetime spectroscopies. The analyses reveal a complex blend of metal and ligand emission in the materials containing Sm3+ and Tb3+, while those featuring Eu3+ are dominated by intense metal-based emission. Compound 1 with Eu3+ shows promise for the capture and detection of the uranyl cation (UO2)2+ from aqueous media. In short, uranyl capture is observed at pH 4, and the adsorption thereof is detectable via vibrational and fluorescence spectroscopies and colorimetrically as the off-white color of 1 turns yellow with uptake. Finally, both 1 and 2 with Eu3+ produce bright red emission upon irradiation with Cu Kα X-ray radiation (8.04 keV) and are candidate materials for applications in solid-state scintillation.

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“…Very recently, Woodliffe et al summarized updated techniques in purification and activation to meet sustainable and scalable MOFs production in terms of technical and circular economy perspectives. Besides the mentioned techniques before, microwave heating, UV-Vis irradiation, and ultrasound treatment are explored for their low energy sources and environmental-friendly natures (Woodliffe et al 2021). One of the successful activations of MOFs using microwave-assisted process is the complete removal of solvents (methanol or ethanol, acetonitrile, or DMF in 4, 8, and 35 min, respectively, at 600 W) in HKUST-1.…”

Section: Purification and Activation Of Mofsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Ordered Nanoporous Materials

Kadja

Nurdini

Krisnandi

et al. 2021

Advanced Functional Porous Materials

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Ordered nanoporous materials have attracted much attention due to their unique pore architecture, tunable physicochemical properties, which find applications in a broad spectrum of catalysis, separation, adsorption, drug delivery, energy storage, and sensing. In the past decades, the amount of research on ordered nanoporous materials has grown incrementally, resulting in diverse types of these materials with unprecedented structures. Herein, this chapter presents the recent advances of ordered nanoporous materials, including zeolites, ordered mesoporous materials (OMMs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Several vital aspects, i.e., structural and physicochemical properties,

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Evaluating the purification and activation of metal-organic frameworks from a technical and circular economy perspective

Cited by 35 publications

References 136 publications

A Showcase of Green Chemistry: Sustainable Synthetic Approach of Zirconium‐Based MOF Materials

A Showcase of Green Chemistry: Sustainable Synthetic Approach of Zirconium‐Based MOF Materials

Multifunctional Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks for Radionuclide Sequestration and Detection

Advanced Ordered Nanoporous Materials

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