Evaluating the potential of near infrared hyperspectral imaging associated with multivariate data analysis for examining crossing ink lines

Brito, Lívia Rodrigues e; Braz, André; Honorato, Ricardo S.; Pimentel, Maria Fernanda; Pasquini, Célio

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.043

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…including any other technology used to prepare the document. The following 64 articles [ [548] , [549] , [550] , [551] , [552] , [553] , [554] , [555] , [556] , [557] , [558] , [559] , [560] , [561] , [562] , [563] , [564] , [565] , [566] , [567] , [568] , [569] , [570] , [571] , [572] , [573] , [574] , [575] , [576] , [577] , [578] , [579] , [580] ] [ [581] , [582] , [583] , [584] , [585] , [586] , [587] , [588] , [589] , [590] , [591] , [592] , [593] , [594] , [595] , [596] , [597] , [598] , [599] , [600] , [601] , [602] , [603] , [604] , [605] , [606] , [607] , [608] , [609] , [610] , [611] ], combined with 17 presentations [...…”

Section: Forensic Document Examinationunclassified

“…The study by Rodrigues e Brito et al described the use of Raman hyperspectral imaging with different chemometric techniques for the objective determination of the chronological order of 56 blue and black gel pen ink line crossings [ 560 ]. A further study by Rodrigues e Brito et al [ 561 ] evaluated the potential of using near infrared hyperspectral imaging associated with multivariate data analysis for the discrimination of intersecting ink lines.…”

Section: Forensic Document Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpol questioned documents review 2019–2022

Deviterne-Lapeyre

Ibrahim²

2023

Forensic Science International: Synergy

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Section: Forensic Document Examinationunclassified

Section: Forensic Document Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpol questioned documents review 2019–2022

Deviterne-Lapeyre

Ibrahim²

2023

Forensic Science International: Synergy

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“…Multivariate analysis is commonly applied to chemical imaging data from ink intersections analyzed with, for example, hyperspectral and Raman imaging. [3][4][5]13,24 In theory, chemometrics reduces data dimensionality and human bias. Given the large amount of spectral data generated by imaging the chemical composition of an ink intersection, multivariate analysis treatment is an attractive proposition with promises of teasing out differences between the inks and even determining the deposition order.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Aiming to increase objectivity, in-situ chemical imaging was introduced in 2011 with hyperspectral and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging, both followed by chemometric data treatment. 3 Since then, hyperspectral imaging, [3][4][5] X-ray microscopy, 6,7 and ion and laser beam ionization analysis [6][7][8] have been applied to the ink deposition order problem. Useful information is obtained from these techniques, such as molecular composition and 100% ink differentiation in cases, 9,10 but ink sequencing success is still inconsistent and dependent on ink and intersection types.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Even after applying multivariate statistical analysis, reported accuracies broadly range from 30% to 85%, depending on the inks sampled, and still remain subjective. 3,4,9 Despite researchers' desire to increase objectivity, these determinations have not outperformed those of optical microscopy examination. The technological protection fallacy might be to blame, 11 in which the use of chemometrics is believed to reduce human bias, and while the output data analyzed is now objective, the premise has not changed.…”

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Deposition order and physicochemical process visualization of ink intersections using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy imaging for forensic analysis

Sullivan,

Pinson,

Eberhardt

et al. 2023

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The physicochemical events at ink intersections are largely understudied. Chemical imaging techniques and multivariate analyses applied to this problem thus far lack the performance characteristics to make confident conclusions about these processes. This deficiency leads to subjective and controversial deposition order determinations in forensic investigations. In this comprehensive report, 44 unique crossings involving laser toners and stamps, as well as felt‐tip, rollerball, gel, and ballpoint pen inks, were imaged with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), using a 50‐μm X‐ray spot size and 100‐μm steps. The specificity and surface sensitivity of XPS enabled the objective visualization of the inks' chemistry upon deposition via spatial elemental distribution in‐situ. Signal intensity and atomic concentration were mapped for each element detected. Discrimination was possible in 100% of written and printed inks analyzed, and the relationship between the elemental concentration profile in each intersection was compared with the known sequence. Formation of ink layers, mixing, and separation of ink components by way of electrostatic forces were observed. Insights into the known complexity of ink intersection processes were revealed and highlight the need for understanding the chosen analytical technique's information depth and for complementary analyses to increase sequencing confidence. We also provide evidence that these processes invalidate the utility of principal component analysis for analyzing ink intersections. However, sequencing accuracy was 84% for all samples analyzed, and its success was highly dependent on the presence of physical features (i.e., thick coatings and embossed regions). In some intersection types, especially toners, the features exposed with XPS imaging enabled a sequencing accuracy of 100%.

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The development of a joint neural network to the Raman spectroscopy identification of stamp‐pad ink brands and aging

Lyu

Wang

et al. 2022

J Raman Spectroscopy

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The identification of seal authenticity is an important part of document inspection. Confocal laser Raman spectroscopy combined with convolutional neural (CNN) and recurrent neural (RNN) networks was used to distinguish red stamp‐pad ink of different brands and aging. A total of 536 spectral samples from 16 brands were collected in this study and 53,600 amplification data samples were obtained by adding noise. The joint neural network has significant classification performance compared to partial least squares (PLS) discriminant and common CNN. In the three kinds of stamp‐pad inks, photosensitive, atomic, and common, the recognition rate for different brands and aging both reached 100%.

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Evaluating the potential of near infrared hyperspectral imaging associated with multivariate data analysis for examining crossing ink lines

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Interpol questioned documents review 2019–2022

Interpol questioned documents review 2019–2022

Deposition order and physicochemical process visualization of ink intersections using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy imaging for forensic analysis

The development of a joint neural network to the Raman spectroscopy identification of stamp‐pad ink brands and aging

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