Evaluating the potential effectiveness of alternative management scenarios in ape habitat

Imong, Inaoyom; Kühl, Hjalmar S.; Robbins, Martha M.; Mundry, Roger

doi:10.1017/s0376892915000417

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, building resistance within protected areas will never be sufficient alone. If human pressure on a protected area is high and increasing, a protected area system will eventually collapse without interventions to mitigate or control human demands for natural resources in and around them (Imong, Kühl, Robbins, & Mundry, ). Although, research showing how socio‐economic context or development actually affect pressure on protected areas is rare, a study in Liberia has shown that areas with increased literacy have higher densities of chimpanzees (Junker, Boesch, Mundry, et al, ).…”

Section: Increased National Commitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Critically Endangered western chimpanzee declines by 80%

Kühl

Sop

Williamson

et al. 2017

American J Primatol

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100

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African large mammals are under extreme pressure from unsustainable hunting and habitat loss. Certain traits make large mammals particularly vulnerable. These include late age at first reproduction, long inter-birth intervals, and low population density. Great apes are a prime example of such vulnerability, exhibiting all of these traits. Here we assess the rate of population change for the western chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes verus, over a 24-year period. As a proxy for change in abundance, we used transect nest count data from 20 different sites archived in the IUCN SSC A.P.E.S. database, representing 25,000 of the estimated remaining 35,000 western chimpanzees. For each of the 20 sites, datasets for 2 different years were available. We estimated site-specific and global population change using Generalized Linear Models. At 12 of these sites, we detected a significant negative trend. The estimated change in the subspecies abundance, as approximated by nest encounter rate, yielded a 6% annual decline and a total decline of 80.2% over the study period from 1990 to 2014. This also resulted in a reduced geographic range of 20% (657,600 vs. 524,100 km ). Poverty, civil conflict, disease pandemics, agriculture, extractive industries, infrastructure development, and lack of law enforcement, are some of the many reasons for the magnitude of threat. Our status update triggered the uplisting of the western chimpanzee to "Critically Endangered" on the IUCN Red List. In 2017, IUCN will start updating the 2003 Action Plan for western chimpanzees and will provide a consensus blueprint for what is needed to save this subspecies. We make a plea for greater commitment to conservation in West Africa across sectors. Needed especially is more robust engagement by national governments, integration of conservation priorities into the private sector and development planning across the region and sustained financial support from donors.

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Section: Increased National Commitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Critically Endangered western chimpanzee declines by 80%

Kühl

Sop

Williamson

et al. 2017

American J Primatol

Self Cite

100

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“…179 Modeling showed that conservation management strategies that focused on both law enforcement and behavior change of local human populations are needed to ensure future growth of this subspecies. 190 Conservation efforts should focus on law enforcement, land-use planning, and engagement with the private sector. 181,187 Research, both long term studies and large scale surveys, makes a valuable contribution to conservation efforts by providing information on ecological needs and population dynamics of gorillas.…”

Section: Gorillas and Human Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the social organization of gorillas: Life history and socioecological perspectives

Robbins

2018

Evolutionary Anthropology

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A focus of socioecological research is to understand how ecological, social, and life history factors influence the variability of social organization within and between species. The genus Gorilla exhibits variability in social organization with western gorilla groups being almost exclusively one‐male, yet approximately 40% of mountain gorilla groups are multimale. We review five ultimate causes for the variability in social organization within and among gorilla populations: human disturbance, ecological constraints on group size, risk of infanticide, life history patterns, and population density. We find the most evidence for the ecological constraints and life history hypotheses, but an over‐riding explanation remains elusive. The variability may hinge on variation in female dispersal patterns, as females seek a group of optimal size and with a good protector male. Our review illustrates the challenges of understanding why the social organization of closely related species may deviate from predictions based on socioecological and life history theory.

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“…We selected this community because of prior established relationships from previous research projects ( Andersson Djurfeldt et al 2017), their previous involvement in REDD+ workshops, and since the community forest borders the Afi River forest reserve and the Afi Mountain wildlife sanctuary, a known habitat for the three endangered species of primates (Dunn et al 2014). Hunting is a very common activity in the area and combined with habitat loss and fragmentation, it is an increasing threat to many species, particularly the Cross-River gorilla (Effiom et al 2013;Dunn et al 2014;Bergl et al 2016;Imong et al 2016).…”

Section: Biodiversity Conservation and Redd+ In Nigeria And Cross Rivmentioning

confidence: 99%

What future for primates? Conservation struggles in the forests of Cross River State, Nigeria

et al. 2019

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While deforestation and forest degradation have gained attention in recent years not least at the UN climate negotiations, a third "de", i.e., defaunation, has to a great extent been overlooked. Human-induced faunal loss does not only reduce tree species diversity, but also significantly erodes key ecosystem services and functions and further disadvantages local communities. In this article, we analyze these impacts, and the associated multi-level governance gaps, through a case study of Nigeria's Cross River State and make suggestions for more encompassing conservation approaches that take defaunation into account. To this end, we analyze the interplay between current forest governance and REDD+ in Cross River State and local hunting of forest fauna. Drawing on Ostrom's social-ecological systems framework and a mixed-methods approach, we identify shortcomings and gaps of international and domestic forest governance, for instance, the ongoing expansion of agriculture in forest areas, a lack of collective action on forest fauna conservation at the local level, as well as conflicts amongst key actors at the sub-national level. Current REDD+ governance in Cross River State largely fails to address fauna loss and local hunting practices, but also affect allocation and access of environmental benefits and burdens for local people.

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Evaluating the potential effectiveness of alternative management scenarios in ape habitat

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

The Critically Endangered western chimpanzee declines by 80%

The Critically Endangered western chimpanzee declines by 80%

Variation in the social organization of gorillas: Life history and socioecological perspectives

What future for primates? Conservation struggles in the forests of Cross River State, Nigeria

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