Evaluating the pesticidal impact of plant protease inhibitors: lethal weaponry in the co‐evolutionary battle

Abstract

In the arsenal of plant defense, protease inhibitors (PIs) are well-designed defensive products to counter field pests. PIs are produced in plant tissues by means of 'stable defense metabolite' and triggered on demand as the perception of the signal and well established as a part of plant active defense. PIs have been utilized for approximately four decades, initially as a gene-alone approach that was later replaced by multiple gene pyramiding/gene stacking due to insect adaptability towards the PI alone. By considering the adaptive responses of the pest to the single insecticidal gene, the concept of gene pyramiding gained continuous appreciation for the development of transgenic crops to deal with co-evolving pests. Gene pyramiding approaches are executed to bypass the insectʼs adaptive responses against PIs. Stacking PIs with additional insecticidal proteins, plastid engineering, recombinant proteinase inhibitors, RNAi-based methods and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing are the advanced tools and methods for next-generation pest management. Undoubtedly, the domain associated with the mechanism of PIs in the course of plant-pest interactions will occupy a central role for the advancement of more efficient and sustainable pest control strategies.

Direct association of Mg1 with a protease inhibitor confers resistance to rice root-knot nematode

“…MgBP1 was highly expressed in resistant plants compared to susceptible Nipponbare. Protease inhibitors inactivate proteases to regulate protein degradation or turnover and combat insect and nematode infection by inhibiting their digestive enzymes 59 . Enhanced resistance to several nematode species by expressing protease inhibitor genes has been described in various host plants 60,61 .…”

Aplicações Biomédicas Da Celulose Bacteriana E Quitosana: Uma Revisão De 10 Anos

“…A maioria das moléculas descritas apresenta sete pontes dissulfeto para estabilizar a sua estrutura. Dentre as serino proteinases inibidas, destacam-se: tripsina, quimotripsina, elastase (Pandey et al, 2021).…”

Inibidores De Proteinases Vegetais: Avanços E Perspectivas

“…Os níveis dessas proteínas são elevados em resposta a diferentes condições de estresse, como injúria por ataque de insetos e patógenos e devido a parâmetros ambientais (salinidade, metais pesados e temperatura). No entanto, estudos recentes demonstraram também que existem interações entre planta e inibidor de proteinase, em decorrência do efeito alelopático em resposta a estresses abióticos (Pandey et al, 2021).…”