Evaluating the performance of asynchronous MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks

ETI-MAC: An Energy-Harvested Transmitter-Initiated MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Protocols of various sorts, for example, functioning at the MAC sub-layer of the OSI model, offer a fairly extensive topic of research for solutions connected to the optimization of energy usage in networks. Many MAC protocols have been established and are still being developed today, some of which are more effective than others and are devoted to the control of energy consumption in the WSN based on different methodologies, such as the duty-cycle methodology [7], which can be divided into two groups: synchronous MAC protocols and asynchronous MAC protocols [8], [9].…”

Relay node selection scheme and deep sleep period for power management in energy‐harvesting wireless sensor networks

“…In fact, several existing research works aim to save the energy consumption of sensors through the use of innovative conservation schemes like load balancing and clustering [4][5][6], especially the increase of its lifetime. The technique of "duty cycling" [7] is one those schemes, which seems very interesting to us, where all nodes within WSN can switch individually from waking to sleep or vice versa, and this switch is based on the use of MAC protocols, which can be assorted into two types: synchronous and asynchronous MAC protocols [3,8,9]. In the first type of these protocols like S-MAC [10], the nodes share the timetable information that appoints their cycle of sleep and activity period by the control packets.…”

“…Figures 7,8,9,10,11,12, and 13 represent the simulation results obtained from the following metrics: the delivery ratio, the mean latency measured in milliseconds (ms), the throughput value measured in bits per second (bps), the average consumed energy per node measured in millijoule (mJ), the network lifetime measured in seconds (s), the weak nodes number, and the energy expended due to collision measured in millijoule (mJ), with various different traffic scenario where "Traffic Param" value can be equal to 0.1 s or 0.5 s while the number of nodes is from 20 and 100 and also by sending a variety of packets equal to either 500 or 1000. The results indicate that when the nodes number increases in WSN, the packet delivery rate decreases and almost all other metric values increase such as the average latency, the throughput, the network lifetime, the weak nodes number, the energy expended due to collision, and the consumed energy.…”