Evaluating the influence of temperature on proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in developing grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.)

Poudel, Puspa Raj; Koyama, Kazuya; Goto‐Yamamoto, Nami

doi:10.1007/s11033-020-05440-4

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In addition, light can trigger the transcription of VvCHS2 , VvDFR, and VvLDOX compared with shading treatment ( Liu W. et al, 2017 ; Wei et al, 2021 ). On the other hand, the effect of temperature on gene expression is not conclusive because some studies do not find any correlation between high temperature and PAs concentration ( Mori et al, 2004 ; Pastore et al, 2017 ), but some others show that high temperature causes PAs accumulation in grapes ( Bonada et al, 2015 ; Poudel et al, 2020 ), due to a decrease in the levels of VvANR and VvLAR1 mRNA. Additionally, VvMYBA1 mRNA accumulated when treated with ABA, leading to increased levels of PAs but also higher levels of anthocyanins and PAs structural genes ( Jeong et al, 2004 ).…”

Section: Proanthocyanidins or Condensed Tanninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Plant Tannin Synthesis in Crop Species

2022

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Plant tannins belong to the antioxidant compound family, which includes chemicals responsible for protecting biological structures from the harmful effects of oxidative stress. A wide range of plants and crops are rich in antioxidant compounds, offering resistance to biotic, mainly against pathogens and herbivores, and abiotic stresses, such as light and wound stresses. These compounds are also related to human health benefits, offering protective effects against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases in addition to providing anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial characteristics. Most of these compounds are structurally and biosynthetically related, being synthesized through the shikimate-phenylpropanoid pathways, offering several classes of plant antioxidants: flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins. Tannins are divided into two major classes: condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins. Hydrolysable tannin synthesis branches directly from the shikimate pathway, while condensed tannins are derived from the flavonoid pathway, one of the branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Both types of tannins have been proposed as important molecules for taste perception of many fruits and beverages, especially wine, besides their well-known roles in plant defense and human health. Regulation at the gene level, biosynthesis and degradation have been extensively studied in condensed tannins in crops like grapevine (Vitis vinifera), persimmon (Diospyros kaki) and several berry species due to their high tannin content and their importance in the food and beverage industry. On the other hand, much less information is available regarding hydrolysable tannins, although some key aspects of their biosynthesis and regulation have been recently discovered. Here, we review recent findings about tannin metabolism, information that could be of high importance for crop breeding programs to obtain varieties with enhanced nutritional characteristics.

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Section: Proanthocyanidins or Condensed Tanninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Plant Tannin Synthesis in Crop Species

2022

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“…The reaction of a plant at room temperature depends on a variety of factors, including the stage of development. Indeed, an in vitro study revealed that temperature had a significant impact on the biosynthesis of PA in Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries during development by increasing the expression of key candidate genes [ 87 ]. Indeed, it is known that temperature affects metabolism; mainly by affecting the action of enzymes responsible for synthesis.…”

Section: General Information On Berry-derived Polyphenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Compounds of Berry-Derived Polyphenols and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Cancer

et al. 2022

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Berry-derived polyphenols are bioactive compounds synthesized and secreted by several berry fruits. These polyphenols feature a diversity of chemical compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids. Here, we report the beneficial health effects of berry-derived polyphenols and their therapeutical application on gut-microbiota-related diseases, including inflammation and cancer. Pharmacokinetic investigations have confirmed the absorption, availability, and metabolism of berry-derived polyphenols. In vitro and in vivo tests, as well as clinical trials, showed that berry-derived polyphenols can positively modulate the gut microbiota, inhibiting inflammation and cancer development. Indeed, these compounds inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and also promote beneficial bacteria. Moreover, berry-derived polyphenols exhibit therapeutic effects against different gut-microbiota-related disorders such as inflammation, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Moreover, these polyphenols can manage the inflammation via various mechanisms, in particular the inhibition of the transcriptional factor Nf-κB. Berry-derived polyphenols have also shown remarkable effects on different types of cancer, including colorectal, breast, esophageal, and prostate cancer. Moreover, certain metabolic disorders such as diabetes and atherosclerosis were also managed by berry-derived polyphenols through different mechanisms. These data showed that polyphenols from berries are a promising source of bioactive compounds capable of modulating the intestinal microbiota, and therefore managing cancer and associated metabolic diseases. However, further investigations should be carried out to determine the mechanisms of action of berry-derived polyphenol bioactive compounds to validate their safety and examinate their clinical uses.

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“…Nevertheless, narrowing the natural diurnal temperature range promoted the ripening of ‘merlot’ grapes and slightly increased the concentration of procyanidins in the seeds [ 114 ]. Lower cultivation temperature also led to increased procyanidin content without changing the profile of constituents [ 115 ]. The same study also revealed that higher temperatures inhibit the expression of anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and leucoanthocyanidin reductase-1 (LAR1) in the grapes’ skins, which are key genes in procyanidin biosynthesis.…”

Section: Modulating Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature and light penetration may cause reciprocal effects. For example, solar radiation drives the expression of genes involved in early procyanidin biosynthesis (e.g., PAL and CHS) [ 5 ], while higher temperatures inhibit the expression of genes involved in latter steps (ANR and LAR1) [ 115 ]. Thus, research strategies need to incorporate a more complete understanding into experimental designs to attain a higher degree of control and increase the reproducibility of study outcomes.…”

Section: Modulating Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Diversity of Flavan-3-Ols in Grape Seeds: Modulating Factors and Quality Requirements

Padilla-González

Grosskopf

Sadgrove

et al. 2022

Plants

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Grape seeds are a rich source of flavan-3-ol monomers, oligomers, and polymers. The diverse profile of compounds includes mainly B-type procyanidins (especially C4→C8 linked molecules) and the key monomers, catechin, and epicatechin that are positively implicated in the ‘French Paradox’. Today grape seed nutraceuticals have become a multi-million-dollar industry. This has created incentives to elucidate the variations in chemistry across cultivars, to identify signs of adulteration, and to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors controlling the expression of metabolites in the seeds’ metabolome. This review provides a critical overview of the existing literature on grape seed chemistry. Although the biosynthetic pathways for polymeric procyanidins in seeds have not yet been explained, abiotic factors have been shown to modulate associated genes. Research of extrinsic factors has demonstrated that the control of procyanidin expression is strongly influenced, in order of importance, by genotype (species first, then variety) and environment, as claimed anecdotally. Unfortunately, research outcomes on the effects of abiotic factors have low certainty, because effects can be specific to genotype or variety, and there is limited control over physical metrics in the field. Thus, to gain a fuller understanding of the effects of abiotic factors and biosynthetic pathways, and realise potential for optimisation, a more fundamental research approach is needed. Nevertheless, the current synthesis offers insight into the selection of species or varieties according to the profile of polyphenols, as well as for optimisation of horticultural practices, with a view to produce products that contain the compounds that support health claims.

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Evaluating the influence of temperature on proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in developing grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.)

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

Regulation of Plant Tannin Synthesis in Crop Species

Regulation of Plant Tannin Synthesis in Crop Species

Chemical Compounds of Berry-Derived Polyphenols and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Cancer

Chemical Diversity of Flavan-3-Ols in Grape Seeds: Modulating Factors and Quality Requirements

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