Evaluating the Efficiency of Immunohistochemical Methods in Diagnosis of Endometrial Status in Women with Uterine Infertility

Abstract

The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the efficiency of immunohistochemical methods of diagnosis in complex examination of women with uterine factor infertility.Materials and Methods. A total of 100 patients aged 27 to 42 years were examined, in 59 of the women immunohistochemical markers (ER, PR, Кi-67, CD34, CD56, CD68, CD138, VEGF) were revealed.Results. The study showed significant reduction of CD56-positive cells in all the women, decreased or absent CD138 expression, increased CD34 expression and abnormal VEGF expression. Thus, immunohistochemical markers may serve as additional criteria for evaluation of receptor activity, the adequacy of proliferative and reparative functions of the endometrium prior to pregnancy planning.

Sonoelastography evaluation in the diagnosis of endometrial pathology combined with chronic endometritis in infertile women

“…There are studies on the possibility of developing hyperplastic processes against the lack of hormonal disorders, which indicates other mechanisms of HE development [ 12 ]. Most studies consider chronic inflammation of the endometrium as a favorable background for developing dysregenerative hyperplastic and neoplastic diseases of the endometrium, which reveal changes in angioarchitectonics by endometrial inflammation tissue, processes of sclerosis and hyalinosis, violation of the normal cyclic transformation of the functional layer [ 9 , 11 , 21 ]. According to Shurshalina et al , along with the change in the receptivity of the endometrium, the processes of proliferation and apoptosis are disturbed.…”

“…In contrast to HE, estrogen dependence of endometrial polyposis is also questionable, and the inflammatory theory comes to the fore, which has put forward a scientific position on the existence of two different pathogenetic types of endometrial polyposis – hormone-dependent and inflammatory ones [ 12 , 13 , 17 – 19 ], in which both bring changes in the immune system, inflammatory factors and hormonal disorders [ 3 , 10 , 14 – 16 ]. In the literature, the influence of persistent chronic inflammatory process of both bacterial and viral etiology on the development of female proliferative diseases is discussed, which activates angiogenesis, alteration of tissue by mast cells, pathological proliferation, and initiates further progression of endometrial pathology [ 11 , 21 , 24 , 26 ]. The etiological theory of polyp formation is ambiguous; issues of their prevention remain controversial when, according to scientific studies, the growth of polyps may be caused by the ovarian pathology (polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic inflammatory process of the uterine appendages, stromal tekomatosis), which can stimulate and support proliferative processes in the endometrium [ 11 , 21 , 24 , 25 ].…”

“…In the literature, the influence of persistent chronic inflammatory process of both bacterial and viral etiology on the development of female proliferative diseases is discussed, which activates angiogenesis, alteration of tissue by mast cells, pathological proliferation, and initiates further progression of endometrial pathology [ 11 , 21 , 24 , 26 ]. The etiological theory of polyp formation is ambiguous; issues of their prevention remain controversial when, according to scientific studies, the growth of polyps may be caused by the ovarian pathology (polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic inflammatory process of the uterine appendages, stromal tekomatosis), which can stimulate and support proliferative processes in the endometrium [ 11 , 21 , 24 , 25 ].…”

“…Modern scientific advances allow the use of highly informative methods for diagnosing uterine infertility factors, including ultrasound (US), hysteroscopy and papillae biopsy, immunohistochemical and immunopathological techniques, bacteriological and DNA PCR, but morphological identification remains the gold standard [ 21 – 23 ]. In recent years, the so-called micromanipulation technologies, such as endoscopy have been actively introduced, significantly increasing the accuracy of diagnosis and effectiveness of ART programs.…”