Evaluating the effects of cyber-attacks on cyber physical systems using a hardware-in-the-loop simulation testbed

Potteiger, Bradley; Emfinger, William; Neema, Himanshu; Koutosukos, Xenofon; Tang, CheeYee; Stouffer, Keith

doi:10.1109/rweek.2017.8088669

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…28 To analyse the resilience of railway operations in the presence of cyberattacks, like, denial of service (DOS), integrity, corruption and delay attacks, researchers have used hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testbed and Veins simulator. [71][72][73][74] Further, to reach the required level of cyber resilience, researchers have introduced a wider model-driven approach by formalizing Unified Modelling Language (UML)-to-Bayesian Network (BN) for radio communication. 75 Within high speed rail network, a secure Data Distribution (SDD) mechanism has been developed and Lyapunov optimization theory has been utilised to solve the optimization problem.…”

Section: Critical Review Results By Research Themesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on cybersecurity in railways

Kour

Patwardhan

Thaduri

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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Digitalisation is transforming the railway globally. One of the major considerations in digital transformation of any industry including the railway is the increased exposure to cyberattacks. The railway industry is vulnerable to these attacks because since the number of digital items and also number of interfaces between digital and physical components in the railway systems keep increasing. Increased number of items and interfaces require new frameworks, concepts and architectures to ensure the railway system’s resilience with respect to cybersecurity challenges, such as lack of proactiveness, lack of holistic perspective and obsolescence of safety systems exposed to current and future cyber threats landscape. To this date, there are several works carried out in the literature that studied the cybersecurity aspects and its application on railway infrastructure. However, to develop and implement an appropriate roadmap to cybersecurity in railways, there is a need of describing emerging challenges, and approaches to deal with these challenges and the possibilities and benefits of these. Hence, the objective of this paper is to provide a systematic review and outline cybersecurity emerging trends and approaches, and also to identify possible solutions by querying literature, academic and industrial, for future directions. The authors of this paper conducted separate searches through four popular databases, that is, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and IEEE explore. For the screening process, authors have used keywords with Boolean operators and database filters and identified 90 articles most relevant to the study domain. The analysis of 90 articles shows that majority of the cybersecurity studies lies within the railways are conceptual and lags in application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based security. Like other industries, it is very important that railways should also follow latest security technologies, trends and train their workforce for cyber hygiene since railways are already in digitalization transition mode.

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Section: Critical Review Results By Research Themesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on cybersecurity in railways

Kour

Patwardhan

Thaduri

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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“…These test-beds focus on ambient intelligence applications. The work in [16] presents a test-bed for performing cyber-attacks and evaluating their effects on networked systems. In [17], an architecture for resourceaware computing is presented.…”

Section: B Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Architecture for Experiments in Connected and Automated Vehicles

Kloock

Scheffe

Gress

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Intell. Transp. Syst.

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Rapid prototyping of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAV) is challenging because of the physical distribution of vehicles. Furthermore, experiments with CAV may be subject to external influences which prevent reproducibility. This article presents an architecture for the experimental testing of CAVs, focusing on decision-making. Our architecture for experiments of CAV is strictly modular and hierarchical, and therefore it supports an easy and rapid exchange of every single controller as well as of optimization libraries. Additionally, the architecture synchronizes the whole network of sensors, computation devices, and actuators. Thus, it achieves deterministic and reproducible results, even for timevariant network topologies. Using this architecture, we can include active and passive vehicles and vehicles with heterogeneous dynamics in the experiments. The architecture also allows for handling communication uncertainties, e.g., data packet drop and time delay. The resulting architecture supports performing different in-the-loop tests and experiments. We demonstrate the architecture in the Cyber-Physical Mobility Lab (CPM Lab) using 20 vehicles on a 1:18 scale. The architecture can be applied to other domains.

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“…These test-beds focus on ambient intelligence applications. The work in [13] presents a test-bed for performing cyber-attacks and evaluating their effects on networked systems. In [14], an architecture for resource-aware computing is presented.…”

Section: B Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Architecture for Experiments in Connected and Automated Vehicles

Kloock¹,

Scheffe²,

Greß³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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<p>Rapid prototyping of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAV) is challenging because of the physical distribution of vehicles. Furthermore, experiments with CAV may be subject to external influences which prevent reproducibility. This article presents an architecture for the experimental testing of CAVs with a focus on decision-making. Our architecture for experiments of CAV is strictly modular and hierarchical, and therefore it supports an easy and rapid exchange of every single controller as well as of optimization libraries. Additionally, the architecture synchronizes the whole network of sensors, computation devices, and actuators. Thus, it achieves deterministic and reproducible results, even for time-variant network topologies. Using this architecture, we are able to include active and passive vehicles and vehicles with heterogeneous dynamics in the experiments. The architecture also allows for handling communication uncertainties, e.g., data packet drop and time delay. The resulting architecture supports performing different in-the-loop tests and experiments. We demonstrate the architecture in the Cyber-Physical Mobility Lab (CPM Lab) using 20 vehicles in 1:18 scale. The architecture can be applied to other domains.</p>

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Evaluating the effects of cyber-attacks on cyber physical systems using a hardware-in-the-loop simulation testbed

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

A review on cybersecurity in railways

A review on cybersecurity in railways

An Architecture for Experiments in Connected and Automated Vehicles

An Architecture for Experiments in Connected and Automated Vehicles

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