Evaluating the Effect of Ionic Liquid on Biosorption Potential of Peanut Waste: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Abstract

Peanut skin having polyphenols as major constituents is a natural, abundant, and environmentally friendly potent biosorbent for aquatic pollutants such as heavy metals. Its natural potential can be enhanced several times by treating it with ionic liquids—the green solvents. This report presents a complete study on biosorption of divalent cadmium ions using ionic liquid-treated peanut skin. Initially, both peanut biomasses, skin and shells, were tested, and peanut skin was used for thorough experimentation because of its higher adsorption potential ( q e values). Ionic liquids are highly green and designed solvents with vast adjustable striking features such as high thermal and chemical stability, insignificant vapor pressure, wide electrochemical assortment, non-volatility, non-flammability, less toxicity, and high recycling ability. Peanut skin after treatment with ionic liquids was characterized via FTIR, TGA, SEM, and XRD. The biosorption process was optimized with respect to time, temperature, metal ion concentrations, agitation speed, pH, and adsorbent dose. Data obtained were interpreted by kinetic, isothermal, and thermodynamic models. The biosorbent and ionic liquid both are regenerated and recycled up to three times, so cost effectiveness is a promising thing.

Statistical optimization, kinetic, equilibrium isotherm and thermodynamic studies of copper biosorption onto Rosa damascena leaves as a low-cost biosorbent

“…However, after equilibrium was reached, the biosorption efficiency increased until it was steady, and within 90 min, over 85.5% of the total metal was eliminated. The rates of adsorption and desorption were in dynamic equilibrium, and no additional biosorption was observed after this optimal equilibrium duration 29 . Because copper ions came into contact with unoccupied surface biosorption sites, the biosorption of copper was initially quicker; however, after adsorption proceeded at equilibrium for 90 min, the biosorption sites became saturated, and no further biosorption occurred 30 .…”

Bioactive compounds of peanut skin in prevention and adjunctive treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases

“…Its natural biosorbent capacity is environmentally friendly in capturing heavy metals from the aquatic environment. 140 Polyphenols, the main components of peanut skin, can be encapsulated, presenting excellent stability during storage, maintaining their antioxidant capacity, besides having the power to prevent the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. Polyphenols from peanut skin constitute a promising food additive, in the search to add nutritional and functional quality to food preparations.…”

Effective Removal of Different Heavy Metals Ion (Cu, Pb, and Cd) from Aqueous Solutions by Various Molecular Weight and Salt Types of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid

“…Moreover, researchers have explored the effects of emerging technologies, such as cold plasma [ 15 ] and ohmic heating [ 16 ], for the degradation of potentially toxic elements and their effects on heavy metals in water and aqueous solutions. Nevertheless, these methods present notable disadvantages, such as the necessity for substantial quantities of chemicals, persistent solubility issues with metals, elevated capital and operational expenditures, and the production of considerable amounts of sludge [ 17 ]. Among the conventional methodologies for extracting heavy metals from wastewater, chemical-based separation techniques are widely implemented across industrial sectors.…”