Evaluating the disparity between supply and demand of park green space using a multi-dimensional spatial equity evaluation framework

Liu, Bingxi; Tian, Yu; Guo, Meng; Tran, Ducthien; Alwah, Abdulfattah.A.Q.; Xu, Dawei

doi:10.1016/j.cities.2021.103484

Cited by 65 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Industrial land should be appropriately reduced near residential areas and green park areas. Meanwhile, the number of road intersections affects residents’ travel time [ 68 ]; it should be reasonably increased in the streets, and the total number ought to be at least 400 to improve road connectivity, shorten the time need for residents to reach the park, and improve equity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Key Factors Associated with Green Justice in Accessibility: A Gradient Boosting Decision Tree Analysis

Liu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Park green space (PGS) provides numerous environmental and health benefits for urban residents, and raises the issue of green justice for its uneven distribution in cities. Previous studies focus more on the measurements of spatial equity in accessibility, but are limited in exploring its impacts—especially the nonlinear influence. This study first measures accessibility and equity in two traffic modes, and then explores the nonlinear influence of multidimensional factors by using the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model across the central urban area of Wuhan. The results show significant spatial disparities in spatial accessibility and equity by walking and driving within 15 min. Multidimensional factors—including characteristics of PGS, the built environment, and socioeconomic factors—present stronger nonlinear influences on spatial accessibility and equity, and the nonlinear influence indicates that the contributions of the built environment and socioeconomic factors are greater than those of park characteristics, accounting for at least 79.76%. The key variables affecting the accessibility and equity are not completely consistent, leading to synergistic and heterogeneous effects, which may provide policy implications for streets where accessibility and equity are mismatched. These findings could provide guidance for PGS planning by decision-makers to improve the living environment and urban health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Key Factors Associated with Green Justice in Accessibility: A Gradient Boosting Decision Tree Analysis

Liu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…We divided the study area into a 100 × 100 m grid for three reasons. First, in response to China's urban planning policy to start implementing grid-based community management, the study provides a practical reference value for it ( 14 , 66 ). Second, previous studies used census block groups as units, and population demand points were geographic centroids or population-weighted centroids.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The essential elements of the built environment and basic public services provided by the government should guarantee equality in access and allocation of urban parks as a human right to meet the needs of different social groups ( 11 – 13 ). Availability and spatial distribution of public service resources are important factors for evaluating equality ( 14 ). An accessibility evaluation based on the balance of supply and demand helps to understand whether urban parks provide sufficient quantity and equality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring equality in access to urban parks: A big data analysis from Chengdu

Dai

Yuan

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Spatial equality of parks is a significant issue in environmental justice studies. In cities with high-density development and limited land resources, this study uses a supply-demand adjusted two-step floating catchment area model (2SFCA), paying attention to residents' subjective preferences and psychological accessibility. It assesses equality of access to urban parks from two dimensions: spatial equality and quantitative equality at a fine scale of 100 × 100 m grid resolution. The spatial equality of urban parks in Chengdu is measured under different transportation modes (walking, cycling, and driving) based on multi-source geospatial big data and machine learning approaches. The results show: (1) There were significant differences in the spatial distribution of park accessibility under different modes of transportation. The spatial distribution under walking was significantly influenced by the park itself, while the distribution of rivers significantly influenced the spatial distribution under cycling and driving; (2) Accessibility to urban parks was almost universally equal in terms of driving, relatively equal in terms of cycling, and seriously unequal in terms of walking; (3) Spatial local autocorrelation analysis shows that park accessibility tended to be significantly clustered, with little spatial variation; and (4) The supply and demand of urban parks were relatively equal. The results can help urban planners to formulate effective strategies to alleviate spatial inequality more reasonably and precisely. The applied research methods can further improve the system of scientific evaluation from a new perspective.

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“…We selected 500 m as the resolution because the coverage rate of park service areas is calculated at 500 m in the Special Plan for Guangzhou Park Construction and Protection (Draft) (2017-2035). In addition, the planned scale of the 5 min living circle is about 600 m × 600 m. Given the above two points, we used 500 m as the resolution, which is consistent with the planning scale and more convenient for practical management [36].…”

Section: Population Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Park Accessibility Based on a Dynamic Huff Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method and Map Service API

Wang

Wei

2022

IJGI

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Park green space (PGS) is an important part of urban ecosystem and green infrastructure, and the ease of access to PGS is closely related to the health of residents. A growing number of studies have attempted to identify accessibility disparities, but results have varied because of the travel mode choice and the measurement method. This study proposes a dynamic Huff two-step floating catchment area (H2SFCA) method based on map service API (Application Programming Interface) to assess the accessibility of PGS, with the Gini coefficient and bivariate local Moran’s I used to analyze accessibility equity. Results show that: (1) driving and biking modes have more significant spatiotemporal compression effects than dynamic modes, public transit, and walking mode. (2) The accessibility values and spatial patterns vary significantly by travel mode. The PGS availability pattern at the local level is more uneven than the distribution of accessibility at the regional level. In comparison with dynamic travel modes, the accessibility values for the single travel mode are more likely to be overestimated or underestimated. (3) The PGS accessibility by the dynamic modes generally has better spatial equity and residents can select suitable travel tools to acquire more equitable park services. In addition, there is a significant accessibility difference between dynamic driving-based mode and dynamic transit-based mode in four subdistricts, which are mainly located in the south of Tianhe District. The public transport facilities linking parks in these areas need to be optimized. This study further improves the accessibility evaluation method, with the findings conducive to the implementation of refined PGS planning and management.

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Evaluating the disparity between supply and demand of park green space using a multi-dimensional spatial equity evaluation framework

Cited by 65 publications

References 64 publications

Identifying Key Factors Associated with Green Justice in Accessibility: A Gradient Boosting Decision Tree Analysis

Identifying Key Factors Associated with Green Justice in Accessibility: A Gradient Boosting Decision Tree Analysis

Measuring equality in access to urban parks: A big data analysis from Chengdu

Assessing Park Accessibility Based on a Dynamic Huff Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method and Map Service API

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