Evaluating the de Hoffmann-Teller cross-shock potential at real collisionless shocks

Schwartz, S. J.; Ergun, Robert E; Kucharek, Harald; Wilson, L. B.; Chen, Li‐Jen; Goodrich, K.; Turner, D. L.; Gingell, Imogen; Madanian, Hadi; Gershman, D. J.; Strangeway, R. J.

doi:10.1002/essoar.10506367.2

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Parallel E-fields exist in a multitude of plasma regimes in the heliosphere. These regions include such important loci of plasma acceleration and heating as reconnection sites (e.g., Egedal et al, 2012;Argall et al, 2015;Fox et al, 2018;Phan et al, 2018;Wilder et al, 2018), shocks (e.g., Goodrich and Scudder, 1984;Bale and Mozer, 2007;Mozer and Sundkvist, 2013;Schwartz et al, 2021), the auroral acceleration region (e.g., Mozer and Fahleson, 1970;Knight, 1973;Mozer et al, 1977;Gorney et al, 1985;Hultqvist and Lundin, 1987;Koskinen et al, 1996;Ergun R. E. et al, 2001;Andersson, 2002;Williams et al, 2006;Vedin and Ronnmark, 2007), the magnetosphere (e.g., Stark et al, 2011;Kropotkin, 2018;Arnold et al, 2019), the solar wind and corona (e.g., Hesse et al, 2005, Halekas et al, 2012, Mozer and Chen, 2013. Parallel E-fields have been observed at Earth and at other planets, including in the ionosphere of Mars (e.g., Dubinin et al, 2008;Akbari et al, 2019), and in the Jovian magnetosphere (e.g., Ergun et al, 2009;Underwood, 2017).…”

Section: Current Electric Field Instrument Design Limits Measurement ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies utilizing MMS have begun to address these questions, but they have also suffered from significant uncertainties in the cross-calibration of 3D E-fields (e.g., Mozer and Sundkvist, 2013;Mozer and Sundkvist, 2014;Schwartz, 2014;Goodrich et al, 2018;Cohen et al, 2019;Hanson et al, 2019;Schwartz et al, 2021).…”

Section: Shock Studies-terrestrial Bow Shock Interplanetary Shocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grotifer: A new electric field instrument design to address the need for highly accurate three-component electric field measurements

Lejosne

Auslander²,

Bonnell³

et al. 2022

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Accurate knowledge of the full, three-dimensional electric field vector is of fundamental importance in understanding electrodynamics of a vast variety of space plasmas. However, heliophysics research still lacks access to the reliable parallel electric field measurements required to close many significant science questions. This uncertainty represents a significant barrier to progress in the field. The only way to close this major observational gap is a profound change in electric field instrument design. A new electric field instrument called Grotifer is now being designed to address the need for highly accurate three-dimensional electric field measurements while enabling lower cost missions and constellation missions in deep space. Grotifer (Giant rotifer) is a reference to the rotifer, also known as the “wheel animalcule.” Similarly, Grotifer consists of mounting detectors on two rotating plates, orthogonal to each other, on a non-rotating central body. The two rotating plates provide continuous high-accuracy three-dimensional measurements of both electric fields and magnetic fields. The Grotifer design leverages more than 50 years of expertise in delivering highly accurate spin plane electric field measurements, while overcoming inaccuracies generated by spin axis electric field measurements. Our current efforts focus on designing Grotifer as a SmallSat (27U CubeSat). That said, Grotifer could also become part of the payload on a much larger platform. In the future, one could imagine fleets of Grotifers studying electrodynamics at many points, facilitating differentiation between spatial and temporal dynamics. Plasma detectors could also be added to the rotating plates to cover the full phase space better than is done on spinning spacecraft, leading to more complete correlation studies of the fields and plasmas.

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Section: Current Electric Field Instrument Design Limits Measurement ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shock Studies-terrestrial Bow Shock Interplanetary Shocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grotifer: A new electric field instrument design to address the need for highly accurate three-component electric field measurements

Lejosne

Auslander²,

Bonnell³

et al. 2022

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Direct Evidence for Magnetic Reflection of Heavy Ions from High Mach Number Collisionless Shocks

Madanian

Schwartz

Fuselier

et al. 2021

ApJL

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Strong shocks in collisionless plasmas, such as supernovae shocks and shocks driven by coronal mass ejections, are known to be a primary source of energetic particles. Due to their different mass per charge ratio, the interaction of heavy ions with the shock layer differs from that of protons, and injection of these ions into acceleration processes is a challenge. Here we show the first direct observational evidence of magnetic reflection of alpha particles from a high Mach number quasi-perpendicular shock using in situ spacecraft measurements. The intense magnetic amplification at the shock front associated with nonstationarity modulates the trajectory of alpha particles, some of which travel back upstream as they gyrate in the enhanced magnetic field and experience further acceleration in the upstream region. Our results in particular highlight the important role of high magnetic amplification in seeding heavy ions into the energization processes at nonstationary reforming shocks.

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Evaluating the de Hoffmann-Teller cross-shock potential at real collisionless shocks

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Grotifer: A new electric field instrument design to address the need for highly accurate three-component electric field measurements

Grotifer: A new electric field instrument design to address the need for highly accurate three-component electric field measurements

Direct Evidence for Magnetic Reflection of Heavy Ions from High Mach Number Collisionless Shocks

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