Evaluating the Costs of Decarbonizing the Shipping Industry: A Review of the Literature

Cullinane, Kevin; Yang, Jialin

doi:10.3390/jmse10070946

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Until Now, IMO has proposed a series of energy efficiency indicators for ships, such as the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and the Energy Efficiency Operating Index (EEOI), four Emission Control Areas (ECAs) in major areas of maritime transport, and rules to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide. Through these initiatives, IMO targeted at a 14% cut in CO 2 emissions by 2020 [8]. The IMO has also addressed greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from international shipping for decades (MEPC 2018).…”

Section: International Maritime Organizations (Imo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decarbonizing in Maritime Transportation: Challenges and Opportunities

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Han³

et al. 2023

JTTs

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As global warming caused by greenhouse gases grows (GHGs) into a global environmental threat, carbon dioxide emissions are drawing increasing attention in these years. Among all emission sources, transportation is a major contributor to climate change because of its high dependence on fossil fuels. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has therefore been promoting the reduction of fuel usage and carbon emissions for container ships by such measures as improving shipping route selection, shipping speed optimization, and constructing clean energy propulsion systems. In this paper, a review of the impact of carbon dioxide emissions on climate change is presented; the current situations of carbon dioxide emissions, decarbonizing methods, IMO regulations, and possible future directions of decarbonizing in the maritime transportation industry are also discussed. Based on the result, it is found that in the case that non intelligent ships still occupy the vast majority of operating ships, the use of new energy as the main propulsion fuel has the defects of high renewal cost and long effective period. It is more likely to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction in the shipping industry in a short period of time by using intelligent means and artificial intelligence to assist ship operation.

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Section: International Maritime Organizations (Imo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decarbonizing in Maritime Transportation: Challenges and Opportunities

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Han³

et al. 2023

JTTs

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“…However, the European Commission proposed a phased approach requiring shipping companies to submit quotas corresponding to their percentage emissions. This phase means that shipping companies will be required to submit quotas according to the following schedule (Cullinane and Yang, 2022). 20% of verified emissions reported in 2023; 45% of verified emissions reported in 2024; 70% of verified emissions reported in 2025; 100% of verified emissions reported in 2026 and every year thereafter.…”

Section: Eu Emission Trading System (Eu Ets)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FuelEU Maritime Initiative will set a maximum limit on the GHG content of the fuel used by ships to stimulate ships calling at European ports to adopt sustainable marine fuel and zero emission technology. Starting from 2025, the EU will impose more and more strict restrictions on the GHG intensity used in marine fuels, and set specific targets for GHG emission reduction, namely, 2% by 2025, 6% by 2030, 13% by 2035, 26% by 2040, 59% by 2045, and 75% by 2050 (Cullinane and Yang, 2022).…”

Section: Fueleu Maritime Initiativementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of law and policy on decarbonization of shipping

et al. 2022

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The carbon emission of shipping industry accounts for about 3% of the global total. With the continuous growth of international trade, the decarbonization and carbon neutralization of shipping industry has become an important direction for future development. New technologies, fuels and operational measures can help reduce the industry’s greenhouse gas emissions, but without appropriate laws and policies, it will be difficult to achieve the targets set by the industry. Therefore, this paper reviews the decarbonization laws and policies introduced by International Maritime Organization, the European Union and the national levels. Then, this paper reviews the literature from two aspects: applicability and evaluation of laws and policies, improvement of laws and policies. On this basis, we summarize the challenges of shipping in formulating laws and policies and suggestions for improving them. Among them, the most important problem is the coordination between unilateral regulation and uniform regulation. Finally, this paper proposes the development principles based on shipping decarbonization laws and policies, that is, to comply with the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”, to coordinate the relationship between international trade and international environmental protection, and to guarantee technical assistance to developing countries.

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“…Apart from the range of technical and operational measures that have already been introduced or planned for, the potential introduction of market-based measures (MBMs) has also been discussed, both within the IMO, the EU and individual countries such as China, Japan and Australia (Cullinane and Yang 2022). MBMs have been successfully and cost-effectively implemented in other industrial sectors for the reduction of the GHGs from operations (Meckling and Hepburn 2013;Mendes and Santos 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prospects for, and implications of, emissions trading in shipping

Christodoulou

Cullinane

2023

Marit Econ Logist

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The decarbonisation of shipping has become a high priority on the environmental and political agenda. The prospect of implementing an Emissions Trading System (ETS) for shipping has come to prominence as a proposed mechanism for speeding up the decarbonisation of the industry, with the EU taking proactive action to include shipping within the EU ETS by 2023. This paper analyses and provides a qualitative review of the historical development of the discussions and actions taken at both global level (by the International Maritime Organization (IMO)) and at regional level within the EU. A SWOT analysis of the potential implementation of an ETS for shipping is then presented. The paper concludes that an ETS for shipping can incentivise greater investment in, and deployment of, green technologies that will have the effect of reducing the carbon footprint of the shipping industry. However, the speed and significance of this effect will depend upon the specific shipping market segment and the relative stage in shipping market cycles over time. It is further concluded that despite the imminent unilateral introduction of shipping into the EU ETS, it is important that the IMO continues its work to develop a global ETS that promotes a ‘level playing field’ for competition within the sector and eliminates the risk of carbon leakage.

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Evaluating the Costs of Decarbonizing the Shipping Industry: A Review of the Literature

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Decarbonizing in Maritime Transportation: Challenges and Opportunities

Decarbonizing in Maritime Transportation: Challenges and Opportunities

A review of law and policy on decarbonization of shipping

The prospects for, and implications of, emissions trading in shipping

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