Evaluating the Application Potential of a Recombinant Ganoderma Protein as Bioactive Ingredients in Cosmetics

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the application potential of a recombinant fungal immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma lucidum (rFIP-glu). First, a recombinant plasmid pPIC9K::FIP-glu-His was transferred into Pichia pastoris for the production of protein. The protein was then to assess its free radical scavenging abilities and the effect on the viability of both human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and mouse B16-F10 melanoma cells (B16 cells) in vitro, followed by the effect on the melanin synthesis of B16 cells. The results of SDS-PAGE and western blot showed that rFIP-glu was successfully expressed. Furtherly, a bioactivity assay in vitro indicated that the scavenging rate of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals reached 84.5% at 6.0 mg/mL (p ≤ 0.0001) of rFIP-glu, showing strong antioxidant activity. Subsequently, a safety evaluation demonstrated that rFIP-glu promoted the proliferation of HaCaT cells, with the cell viability reaching 124.3% at 48 μg/mL (p ≤ 0.01), regarding the cell viability of B16 cells after exposure to rFIP-glu (48 μg/mL) significantly inhibited, to 80.7% (p ≤ 0.01). Besides, rFIP-glu inhibited the melanin synthesis of B16 cells in a dose-dependent manner from 100–1000 μg/mL, and rFIP-glu at 500 μg/mL (p ≤ 0.01) exhibited the highest intracellular melanin amount reduction of 16.8%. Furthermore, a mechanism analysis showed that rFIP-glu inhibited tyrosinase (TYR) activity by up-regulating the expression of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and down-regulating the gene expression of TYR and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TYRP-1), thus inhibiting melanin synthesis. The data implied that rFIP-glu had significant antioxidant activity and whitening potency. It should be used as raw materials for cosmeceutical applications.

Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Cultivating Medicinal Fungi Ganoderma: Composition, Development, and Strain Variability of Basidiocarps

“…The ATR-FTIR spectra of the surface layers cut off from the stipe and the abhymenial side of pilei from dried basidiocarps of G. applanatum 2023 (1) and G. resinaceum (7) are shown in Figures 6a and 7a, respectively. Despite some weak protein features, the spectra measured for strain 1 represent the purest triterpenoid bands among all basidiocarp samples measured in this study, and even weak skeletal vibration bands of these compounds are visible below 900 cm −1 .…”

“…Fungi of this genus contain proteins, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, polyphenols, and other substances with various biological effects [1][2][3], so they can be used in functional foods [4], pharmacy [5], or cosmetics [6]. The genus Ganoderma demonstrates a wide variety of species and strains, differing in genetics, morphology, and biochemical composition [7][8][9].…”

Application of Omics Techniques in Skin Homeostasis Evaluation

“…the anti-inflammatory efficacy of HaCaT cells by detecting the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-a and COX-2. The results showed that the fermentation broth of Xanthopanax has a great potential to be used in cosmetics as an efficacious raw material for anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant applications Guo et al (2023). assessed the potential application of recombinant Ganoderma lucidum protein (rFIPglu) as a bioactive ingredient in cosmetics, then the protein was evaluated for its free radical scavenging ability and its effect on the in vitro viability of human immortalised keratinocytes and mouse B16-F10 melanoma cells, and then on the melanin synthesis of the B16 cells.…”