Evaluating Support for Clouded Leopard Reintroduction in Taiwan: Insights from Surveys of Indigenous and Urban Communities

Giordano, Anthony J.; Nielsen, Clayton K.; Sun, Nick Ching‐Min; Pei, Kurtis Jai-Chyi

doi:10.1007/s10745-020-00195-9

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The growing reality of large carnivore extirpations worldwide, coupled with the increased rate of reintroductions over the past century, suggest that this management tool will play an increasingly important role in future restoration efforts. For example, support for our proposed framework may immediately and directly benefit scheduled reintroductions of lions in West Africa (Aglissi et al, 2023), tigers in Asia (e.g., Chestin et al, 2017), clouded leopard ( Neofelis nebulosa ) in Taiwan (Greenspan et al, 2020), Eurasian lynx in the United Kingdom (Drouilly & O’Riain, 2021), and giant otter ( Pteronura brasiliensis ) in Argentina (Zamboni et al, 2017). While our framework applies directly to large carnivores, we urge policymakers to consider this framework for broader-scale applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for evaluating the success of large carnivore reintroductions

Briers-Louw,

Lindsey,

Gaylard

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Anthropogenic impacts have led to widespread species decline and extirpation, thereby compelling a global movement to protect and regenerate biodiversity through holistic ecosystem restoration including reintroductions. Yet, despite the increasing practice of conservation-driven reintroduction efforts over the past century, peer-reviewed literature and policy providing criteria with which to evaluate reintroduction stages and efficacy remain limited. Without these comprehensive and quantifiable metrics of relative success, such drastic conservation intervention strategies cannot be objectively evaluated nor compared, hindering the advancement of restoration as a discipline. Herein, we systematically reviewed 227 large carnivore reintroductions of 14 terrestrial mammal species across 23 countries since 1930 to contextualize global efforts to date, and from these, have developed a standardized framework to evaluate reintroduction success. We further retrospectively determined the extent to which existing studies met these criteria towards identifying current knowledge gaps and guide future reintroduction efforts. Most large carnivore records were of Felidae (70%) reintroduced into ‘closed’ systems (69%) across southern Africa (70%). Our proposed framework provides a full suite of stages, indicators, and targets for reintroduction evaluation, which, when retrospectively applied to reviewed studies, indicated that at least one-third lacked sufficient information to effectively evaluate and compare reintroduction outcomes. This comprehensive and prioritized framework provides novel transparency and scalability to large carnivore reintroduction programs, which is increasingly required to secure the sustained support of impacted communities and stakeholder networks. Moreover, the incorporation of this framework into future practice and policy as an applied tool may directly benefit the recovery of at least 30 large carnivore species, while its principles may be applied more broadly across taxonomic groups for faunal rewilding and global ecosystem restoration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for evaluating the success of large carnivore reintroductions

Briers-Louw,

Lindsey,

Gaylard

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Firstly, the social (local community) acceptance prior to translocation was not adequately assessed. Also, post-release attitudes may differ from the pre-release (Greenspan et al, 2020), pertaining to the negative or positive experiences the locals face (Ericsson and Heberlein, 2003). In Satkosia, the local communities in some villages experienced human attack, human death and livestock depredation and protested for the capture of one of the translocated animals.…”

Section: Attitude Of Local Community Toward Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing People's Response Toward Tiger Translocation in Satkosia Tiger Reserve, Eastern India

Vasudeva

Ramasamy²,

Pal

et al. 2021

Front. Conserv. Sci.

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Local communities are an important stakeholder in any carnivore translocation programme and therefore, their acceptance of the translocation and support are essential to ensure its viability. Recent tiger augmentation efforts in Satkosia Tiger Reserve, India received mixed responses from the local communities, causing a stalemate in its progress. As a part of the adaptive management strategy, it was required to assess the concerns and issues to provide a practical solution. Hence, we analyzed the attitude of the people toward conservation in general and tiger specifically. We used structured questionnaire surveys and interviewed 1,932 households from 43 villages located in and around the reserve. We tested the influence of several variables representing four categories- (1) socio-economic, (2) ecosystem values and dependence, (3) relationship with the forest department and (4) losses and fear, on the attitude toward tiger conservation. The villages were clustered based on the responses received under these categories. While conserving forest was important to 91% of respondents, 71% of respondents supported wildlife conservation and only 35% felt important to conserve tiger. The logistic binary regression predicted that at the household level attitude toward tiger conservation is influenced positively by economic well-being, sense of forest ecosystem services, resource dependence and negatively influenced by restrictions from the forest department, and previous experience of loss due to wildlife. At the village level, literacy, resource dependence, access to clean cooking fuel and cooperation from the forest department predicted a positive attitude toward tiger conservation. Restriction from the forest department, fear for livestock, and experience of losses due to wildlife had a negative influence on attitude. We recommend that the villages in the landscape are prioritized based on their needs and accordingly, specific interventions are made to address their concerns. Future augmentation programme must give importance to intangible factors such as fear and perceived restrictions and opt for the involvement of the local community in the decision-making process.

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“…However, despite the global increase in reintroduction efforts, many are unsuccessful. Captive-bred individuals present especially high mortality rates after their release into the wild (Efrat et al, 2020;Greenspan et al, 2020;Jule et al, 2008), highlighting a major area of concern amongst captive-breeding and reintroduction programmes. Evaluation of multiple reintroduction programmes has revealed that a high proportion of reintroduction mortalities are due to individuals displaying detrimental behaviour in the wild (McPhee & Carlstead, 2010); including failure to adequately respond to predators, failure to locate food resources, and stress due to novel environmental exposure (Smith & Blumstein, 2013;Wells et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful predatory‐avoidance behaviour to lion auditory cues during soft‐release from captivity in cheetah

et al. 2021

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Due to global biodiversity declines, conservation programmes have increasingly had to consider reintroducing captive animals into the wild. However, reintroductions often fail as captive individuals may be naïve to predators and do not recognise or respond appropriately to predatory cues, contributing to high mortality rates soon after release. This study evaluates differences in predator-response behaviours between individuals from three experimental groups, a captive population (n = 13), a semi-wild population (i.e. raised in captivity and successfully released; n = 6) and a wild population (n = 2) of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) to an artificially simulated auditory threat of lions (Panthera leo), a larger, natural predator in South Africa. Such comparisons improve our understanding of differences between captive and wild behaviours and provide an aspect to evaluating the relative success of reintroduction programmes.Changes in the proximal distance, the latency of approach and hesitation towards both control (African bush cricket, Acanthoplus discoidalis) and treatment (lion) auditory cues were observed for 29 cheetah from captive, semi-wild and wild populations in at least three trial replicates each. Overall, captive individuals consistently displayed poor predatory-response behaviours, approaching the treatment as often as the control, as well as spending more time near the stimulus (<10 m) and hesitating more often than semi-wild cheetah, which could distinguish between the control and treatment, consistently fleeing from the latter with little hesitation. Repeatability analyses indicated that these behavioural responses to predatory cues could not be explained by individual personality and between-trial learning comparisons showed no evidence of habituation. Our findings demonstrate how a priori testing for predator naïvety could inform future introductory decisions and thereby increase post-release survival rates, significantly improving the efficacy of reintroduction strategies. We, therefore, emphasise the importance of such research and screening in highly threatened species, such as cheetah, where reintroduction from captivity has become a necessary consideration.

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Evaluating Support for Clouded Leopard Reintroduction in Taiwan: Insights from Surveys of Indigenous and Urban Communities

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Guidelines for evaluating the success of large carnivore reintroductions

Guidelines for evaluating the success of large carnivore reintroductions

Factors Influencing People's Response Toward Tiger Translocation in Satkosia Tiger Reserve, Eastern India

Successful predatory‐avoidance behaviour to lion auditory cues during soft‐release from captivity in cheetah

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