Evaluating routing metric composition approaches for QoS differentiation in low power and lossy networks

Karkazis, Panagiotis; Trakadas, Panagiotis; Leligou, Helen C.; Sarakis, Lambros; Papaefstathiou, Ioannis; Zahariadis, Theodore

doi:10.1007/s11276-012-0532-2

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Node based primary routing metrics are Hop count, Residual energy and RSSI. Many RPL protocol implementations followed by the routing metrics such as Hop count and expected transmission count (ETX) [11]. Using Hop count as a primary routing metric, which minimize the number of node present in the route and minimize the node depletion energy.…”

Section: Primary Routing Metricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Metric Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Internet of Things

Sankar¹,

Palanisamy²

2017

IJIES

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Abstract:Nowadays, there is a drastic increase in the number of sensors enabled devices connected to the Internet. Low power and lossy network (LLN) is a network, which consists of several embedded devices with limited memory, power and processing resources. Energy preservation and network lifetime enhancement are the major challenges in LNN. Hence, the routing plays a vital role in LLN, as an Internet of Things (IoT) device need to take the decision accordingly. In LNN, the inefficient route selection results in increased energy depletion, traffic and packet loss ratio. The proposed work introduces Load and battery discharge index (BDI) based composite routing metric in IPV6 Routing Protocol for Low power and lossy network (RPL). The COOJA simulator used to evaluate the performance of the proposed work. It provides the better result in terms of network lifetime and packet delivery ratio (PDR) against the routing metric such as hop count, ETX, RER, RER (BDI) and traffic load.

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Section: Primary Routing Metricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Metric Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Internet of Things

Sankar¹,

Palanisamy²

2017

IJIES

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“…The non-avoidance of loops is another area of concern as this can also lead directly to high energy consumption when not implemented correctly. Karkazis et al [14] use simulation to test the effects of combining primary and composite routing metrics, and propose a set of complex formulae to implement this. The result is a successful convergence to optimal loop-free paths within an LLN using the RPL protocol [14].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of RPL metrics in environments with strained transmission ranges

Thomson

Wadhaj

Romdhani

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE/ACS 13th International Conference of Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA)

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-An examination of existing studies in the area of Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) implementation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) reveals a consistent approach taken of optimal node distribution. This in order to best evaluate networking metrics such as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), latency and energy consumption. The tests detailed in this paper differ from previous work, in that there is no concerted effort to ensure the appropriate density of the network topologies. The intention being to 'strain' the limits of the transmission ranges. Using the Cooja simulator, we take the approach of utilising nodes in lessthan perfect, real-world scenarios. In this way the main factor at play is the ability to retain nodes as part of the Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) build in environments with 'strained' transmission ranges. In this regard we compare Objective Function Zero (OF0) Hop-count with The Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF) Energy and expected transmission count (ETX) metrics. In utilising the energy metric, a novel approach, we prove that it is ineffective in this scenario. Resultantly, the ETX metric outperforms Hop-count, producing results that improve over time, adjusting to 'strained' environments to include more motes in the DODAG build as time passes. In conclusion, we propose future work to develop an extension to Cooja to utilise the ETX metric with an Energy constraint. This in order to better evaluate the use of node energy levels as part of a DODAG build in 'strained' WSN implementations in the future.

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“…It is the Objective Function (OF) that defines how routing metrics are used to compute the Rank. In this paper, we focus on evaluating the operation of a WSN when the adopted routing metric is the Hop Count (HC) or its combination with Packet Forwarding Indicator (PFI) which reveals the trust of a node on its neighbor, according to [4].…”

Section: The Implemented Routing Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus of this section is the validation of the routing solutions (proposed in [4]) through the comparison of results obtained from the experimental setup of real-life nodes with results obtained from the simulation platform.…”

Section: Performance Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [3], we have explored the concept of routing algebra that has been well-established from other networking systems to define the requirements that the routing metrics should satisfy to ensure optimal and loopfree operation of the routing protocol. In [4] and [5], we have defined routing metrics that satisfy these requirements and we have additionally defined alternative ways to combine them so that more than one performance aspects are jointly optimized. In these articles, to evaluate the achieved performance, we have used computer simulations and namely, the JSim simulation environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of RPL-compliant routing solutions in real-life WSNs

Zahariadis¹,

Sarakis²,

Voliotis³

et al. 2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) applications continue to expand and already cover almost all our daily activities improving from security and environmental efficiency to gaming experience. The diverse applications running on top of WSNs have led to the design of an immense number of routing protocols. Few years ago, the IETF standardized the IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) which is based on routing metrics to build communication paths between a source and the destination node. While significant efforts have focused on the design of routing metrics that satisfy the various applications, limited work has been reported on validating their performance using real-life motes. In this paper, we focus on validating the simulation results (obtained through the JSim simulator) using TelosB motes for a set of routing metrics that have been proposed in our previous articles.

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Evaluating routing metric composition approaches for QoS differentiation in low power and lossy networks

Cited by 46 publications

References 20 publications

Composite Metric Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Internet of Things

Composite Metric Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Internet of Things

Performance evaluation of RPL metrics in environments with strained transmission ranges

Evaluation of RPL-compliant routing solutions in real-life WSNs

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