Evaluating Risks, Reported Cases and Screening Recommendations for Breast Cancer in Transgender Patients

Abstract

Breast cancer research has traditionally focused on biological females who identify as women. Less is known about the incidence of breast cancer in transgender populations who identify with a gender that does not correspond with their birth sex. There are data to suggest a potential link between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and breast cancer in transgender patients. While there is a need for more robust studies in this area, current data suggest there is no increased risk in female-to-male transgender men, and a potential increased risk in male-to-female transgender women. These studies also suggest that transgender patients face significant disparities in care. Clinicians require improved education to understand the potential risks associated with HRT, standards of cancer screening for transgender patients, and proper sensitivity in communication with this patient population. This review examines the existing literature, outlines the current data on the potential risks associated with HRT, and provides a 3-pronged approach to communicate risk, screen, and diagnose breast cancer in transgender patient populations. Note: All authors contributed equally to this manuscript.

Validity and Reliability of Malay Language Breast Cancer Awareness Scale for Male-to-Female Transgender

“…29,23 In addition, the health equity for the transgender population should be upheld as they encounter cancer disparities due to their gender-biased and the social stigmatization in which their community was hidden among the average population. 20,21,30 The campaign for cancer awareness among them is minimal; thus lacking knowledge regarding the risk of cancer-predisposing them to disease mortality and morbidity. [22][23][24]27,32 Since most of them are involved in sex reassignment surgery and excessive hormonal usage, a comprehensive, easy-to-use assessment tool is required to create awareness on breast cancer for a better screening method and early detection to save lives and prevent mortality.…”