Evaluating Resilience of Water Distribution Networks to Operational Failures from Cyber-Physical Attacks

Shin, Sang‐Ouk; Lee, Seungyub; Burian, Steven J.; Judi, David R.; McPherson, Timothy N.

doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001665

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Shin et al [112] investigated resilience strategies against water CPS. Resilience is characterized in terms of four capabilities [112]: (i) ability to withstand disruption; (ii) absorptive capability (if disruption is unavoidable then minimize undesirable consequences; (iii) adaptive capability (adjusting to disrupted and undesirable conditions); (iv) restorative capability (recover quickly to completely normal operation). A resilience metric is proposed to measure the resilience of water systems against cyber-attack, and the C-town benchmark water distribution system is used as a case study to demonstrate the proposed metric.…”

Section: Risk and Resilience Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the State of Cyber-Security in Water Systems

Tuptuk

Hazell

Watson

et al. 2021

Water

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Critical infrastructure systems are evolving from isolated bespoke systems to those that use general-purpose computing hosts, IoT sensors, edge computing, wireless networks and artificial intelligence. Although this move improves sensing and control capacity and gives better integration with business requirements, it also increases the scope for attack from malicious entities that intend to conduct industrial espionage and sabotage against these systems. In this paper, we review the state of the cyber-security research that is focused on improving the security of the water supply and wastewater collection and treatment systems that form part of the critical national infrastructure. We cover the publication statistics of the research in this area, the aspects of security being addressed, and future work required to achieve better cyber-security for water systems.

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Section: Risk and Resilience Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the State of Cyber-Security in Water Systems

Tuptuk

Hazell

Watson

et al. 2021

Water

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“…Such cybersecurity threats have various attack types, from compromising sensitive or private information to disrupting physical components, which can lead to operational failures (e.g., pump inactivation and system shutdown, generator or transmission lines outages), physical failures (e.g., pipe breakage from hydraulic transient, power substation breakage), and water contamination. In the United States, cybersecurity incidents have increased over the last five years in both the water and power sectors [32]. Thus, cybersecurity has become a growing concern for interdependent WPS, with the threat of data theft and operational disruptions demanding the need for greater system security and resilience.…”

Section: Digitalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These metrics reflect different perspectives of various stakeholders and may not yield congruent results when applied to the assessment of the integrated WPS resilience. Examples of these metrics include: (1) time-based system metrics that utilize the area of the DIRE curve to quantify the absolute resilience of the system with respect to each resilience phase (e.g., pre-event, outage, restoration) [24]; these metrics have been tested in a number of infrastructure systems including water distribution systems [29][30][31][32][33], wastewater treatment systems [34][35][36][37], and power systems [20,[38][39][40] ; (2) graph theory-based metrics (also referred to as network or topology metrics) that incorporate the system's topology such as the number of nodes and arcs, the average degree of nodes, and the average critical path length [41,42]; (3) probabilistic-based metrics that incorporate the impacts of uncertainties (e.g., component failure) on a system's performance [40,43,44]; and (4) cost-based metrics that quantify resilience based on costs associated with recovering system performance or lost opportunity costs due to system outages [38,45]. Performance measures used in this context are based on asset operability, network connectivity, network capacity, satisfied demand, and the value of services provided [46].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience of Interdependent Water and Power Systems: A Literature Review and Conceptual Modeling Framework

Oikonomou

Mongird

Rice

et al. 2021

Water

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As increasing pressures of population growth and climate change arise, water and power systems (WPS) are becoming increasingly interdependent. This interdependency has resulted in an increased potential for cascading failures, whereby the service interruption of one system can propagate to interdependent ones. This paper makes four contributions. First, we present an extensive literature review in the field of integrated water and power resilience, leveraging both institutional and technical literature research landscapes. We compare various modeling approaches used to model interdependent WPS and discuss the different metrics and definitions that are typically employed to quantify and define resilience. Relevant challenges and gaps related to modeling tools and metrics are also discussed, and appropriate recommendations are made. Second, the paper presents a visualization prototype for interdependent WPS to showcase water and power system interdependencies and reveal co-managed resilience strategies that can be used to improve resilience under different types of common threats. Third, we provide a conceptual decision support framework that simultaneously optimizes a portfolio of co-managed resilience strategies in the face of multiple, uncertain threats and addresses WPS interdependencies. Finally, we present future trends regarding digitalization, integrated planning, collaborative governance, and equity needs for building more resilient WPS.

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“…In this context, the concept of resilience has received significant attention in addressing uncertain disruptions in engineering and non-engineering fields (Shin et al 2018). In general, the resilience of a system can be interpreted as the comprehensive ability to withstand/absorb disruptions under failure conditions and quickly recover/restore the disrupted conditions to their previous normal state (pre-disrupted conditions) (Shin et al 2020). Thus, resilience-based strategies focus on mitigation and recovery options rather than protection and prevention options to avoid failure events (e.g., contamination events) (Lee et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the multi-dimensional resilience of water distribution networks to contamination events

2023

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Recent contamination events in water distribution networks (WDNs) suggest the need for resilience strategies to address the uncertainty of contamination intrusion. Resilience-based decision-making requires a resilience evaluation process. However, the suggestions on resilience options can vary with the definition of the system's functionality considered in the resilience evaluation. Thus, this study characterized resilience and its attributes (i.e., robustness (RS), loss rate (LR), recovery rate (RR), failure duration (FD), and recovery completeness (RC)) in multiple functional dimensions for a WDN to contamination events. The resilience evaluation was performed using a resilience measure based on a time-dependent functionality variation during contamination events. This study considered the functionalities in four dimensions: the contaminated node (CN), compromised demand (CD), biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) concentration (BC), and mass consumed (MC). The hydraulic and water quality models were simulated using EPANET-MSX to evaluate the functionality variation under bacterial intrusion events. The results noted that the resilience levels significantly varied with the functional dimensions, relatedness, and contamination event conditions. The results also identified that different profiles of resilience attributes could characterize similar levels of multi-dimensional resilience. The findings suggest insights on incorporating the concept of multi-dimensional resilience in decision-making processes, therefore achieving the goal of improving the overall resilience of the system in diverse aspects of functionality.

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Evaluating Resilience of Water Distribution Networks to Operational Failures from Cyber-Physical Attacks

Cited by 26 publications

References 41 publications

A Systematic Review of the State of Cyber-Security in Water Systems

A Systematic Review of the State of Cyber-Security in Water Systems

Resilience of Interdependent Water and Power Systems: A Literature Review and Conceptual Modeling Framework

Evaluating the multi-dimensional resilience of water distribution networks to contamination events

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