Evaluating radiation risks and resource opportunities associated with phosphogypsum in the Philippines

Diwa, Reymar R.; Tabora, Estrellita U.; Palattao, Botvinnik L.; Haneklaus, Nils; Vargas, Edmundo P.; Reyes, Rolando; Ramirez, Jennyvi D.

doi:10.1007/s10967-021-08142-8

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The use of phosphogypsum is associated with challenges that have gained increasing importance [129], as shown in Figure 6. Furthermore, it should be noted that phosphogypsum may be contaminated with radionuclides [130]. According to EPA data, phosphogypsum contains significant quantities of uranium and its decay products, such as radium-226, attributed to its presence in phosphate ores.…”

Section: Possibility Of Using Phosphogypsum For Soil Bioremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of the content of radionuclide isotopes, the data vary significantly depending on the region of phosphogypsum deposition. A review of previous studies [130,141,142] showed that radioactivity varies according to the type of phosphate ore and is mainly caused by the decay series U-238 and Th-232. Since U-235 is not as common in nature as U-238, the radiation of this decay series is not considered a threat [143].…”

Section: Possibility Of Using Phosphogypsum For Soil Bioremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Contamination by Heavy Metals and Radionuclides and Related Bioremediation Techniques: A Review

Chernysh,

Chubur,

Ablieieva

et al. 2024

Soil Systems

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The migration of heavy metals and radionuclides is interrelated, and this study focusses on the interaction and complex influence of various toxicants. The rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated territories has a complex character and is based on scientifically supported measures to restore industrial, economic, and sociopsychological relations. We aim for the achievement of pre-emergency levels of hygienic norms of radioactive contamination of output products. This, in its sum, allows for further economic activity in these territories without restrictions on the basis of natural actions of autoremediation. Biosorption technologies based on bacterial biomass remain a promising direction for the remediation of soils contaminated with radionuclides and heavy metals that help immobilise and consolidate contaminants. A comprehensive understanding of the biosorption capacity of various preparations allows for the selection of more effective techniques for the elimination of contaminants, as well as the overcoming of differences between laboratory results and industrial use. Observation and monitoring make it possible to evaluate the migration process of heavy metals and radionuclides and identify regions with a disturbed balance of harmful substances. The promising direction of the soil application of phosphogypsum, a by-product of the chemical industry, in bioremediation processes is considered.

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Section: Possibility Of Using Phosphogypsum For Soil Bioremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possibility Of Using Phosphogypsum For Soil Bioremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Contamination by Heavy Metals and Radionuclides and Related Bioremediation Techniques: A Review

Chernysh,

Chubur,

Ablieieva

et al. 2024

Soil Systems

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“…In sedimentary PR, for instance, U concentrations are in the range of 80-200 mg kg −1 [11]. Sedimentary PR accounts for approximately 80% of the PR mined globally, while in igneous PR, the U concentrations are typically much lower (around 30 mg kg −1 ) [11][12][13][14]. The application of P fertilizers can disseminate considerable amounts of U on agricultural soils that may leach from the soil to ground and surface waters [11,15].…”

Section: Introduction 1background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uranium Dissemination with Phosphate Fertilizers Globally: A Systematic Review with Focus on East Africa

Mwalongo,

Haneklaus,

Lisuma

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Growing concern has been expressed about uranium (U) accumulation in agricultural soils caused by the long-term application of mineral fertilizers. More than 80% of naturally occurring U transfers from phosphate rock (PR), the raw material used in mineral fertilizer production, to phosphorus (P) fertilizers. These fertilizers are then distributed on agricultural soils, where the U could accumulate over time and become a risk to the environment. The objective of this work was to review the reported content of U in P fertilizers, its potential dispersion in soils, and its uptake by plants in different countries in the world as reported in the literature. The articles for this systematic review were selected from the Scopus database published between 2003 and 2022. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol were used. A total of 54 articles were assessed based on the standard inclusion and exclusion criteria. U concentrations in P fertilizers, agricultural soil dissemination, and plant uptake for available data were obtained and assessed. In order to compare a set of related data from the collected articles, box and whisker plots showing the distribution of U in P fertilizers are presented by region. The results from the reviewed articles show that the U concentrations in P fertilizer were in the range of 0.1–653 mg kg−1. Interestingly, Minjingu P fertilizers from Tanzania, which are used in six East African countries, showed the highest U concentrations (159 to 653 mg kg−1, average 390 mg kg−1). The reported U concentrations for these fertilizers are, in fact, comparable to those of conventional low-grade uranium deposits mined in Namibia and elsewhere. Additionally, approximately 96% of the reviewed articles indicate that fertilized soil has higher U concentrations than non-fertilized soils, hinting at a measurable effect of mineral fertilizer use. The review recommends U extraction during mineral fertilizer production so that potential environmental risks can be reduced and U resources that would otherwise be lost can be recovered and used to substitute conventional U mining elsewhere.

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“…Direct leaching of REEs from the phosphate ore or phosphate rock may be an attractive proposition since all REEs could theoretically be recovered and if done well the remaining ore matrix could simply be processed using present-day WPA production infrastructure. Besides, radioactive trace elements may also be extracted in this step so that the resulting phosphogypsum shows activity levels below regulatory control so that what is considered a lowlevel radioactive waste material in most countries today could be used as an inexpensive raw material in construction tomorrow [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of rare earths from Abu Tartur (Egypt) phosphate rock with phosphoric acid

Roshdy

Haggag

Masoud

et al. 2022

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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The leaching of rare earth elements (REEs) from Egyptian Abu Tartur phosphate rock using phosphoric acid has been examined and was subsequently optimized to better understand if such an approach could be industrially feasible. Preliminary experiments were performed to properly define the design of experiments. Afterward, 24 full factorial design was implemented to optimize the leaching process. Optimum REEs leaching efficiency (96.7 ± 0.9%) was reached with the following conditions: phosphoric acid concentration of 30 wt.-% P2O5, liquid/solid ratio, mL/g, of 5:1, at 20 °C, and 120 min of leaching time. The apparent activation energy of the dissolution of REEs from phosphate rock using the phosphoric acid solution was -19.6 kJ/mol. D2EHPA was subsequently applied as an organic solvent for REEs separation from the acquired leach liquor. REEs stripping and precipitation were conducted, and finally, rare earth oxides with a purity of 88.4% were obtained. The leach liquor was further treated with concentrated sulfuric acid to recover the used phosphoric acid and produce gypsum with a purity of >95% at the same time. A flow diagram for this innovative cleaner production process was developed, and larger-scale experiments are proposed to further understand this promising approach to comprehensive phosphate rock processing.

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Evaluating radiation risks and resource opportunities associated with phosphogypsum in the Philippines

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Soil Contamination by Heavy Metals and Radionuclides and Related Bioremediation Techniques: A Review

Soil Contamination by Heavy Metals and Radionuclides and Related Bioremediation Techniques: A Review

Uranium Dissemination with Phosphate Fertilizers Globally: A Systematic Review with Focus on East Africa

Leaching of rare earths from Abu Tartur (Egypt) phosphate rock with phosphoric acid

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