Evaluating Quality of Life Changes over 12 Months Among Opiate Users from Romania and Associated Worsening Factors

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the changes in quality of life (QoL) over a 12-month period among opiate users in Romania, identifying factors that contribute to a worsening of their condition. By examining these dynamics, the research intended to inform targeted interventions and support mechanisms to mitigate the negative outcomes associated with opiate use. Conducted as a longitudinal cohort analysis, this study enrolled 74 participants diagnosed with opioid use disorders from multiple healthcare settings in Romania. The WHOQOL-BREF instrument was utilized to assess QoL, with data collection spanning from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023. Ethical compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki was maintained, and participants provided informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, focusing on the impact of demographic and behavioral variables on QoL. Over the 12-month period, significant improvements were observed in all QoL domains: physical (51.68 to 58.39, p < 0.001), psychological (49.34 to 55.32, p < 0.001), social (46.21 to 53.66, p < 0.001), and environmental (47.85 to 54.17, p < 0.001). Methadone compliance significantly influenced positive outcomes across all domains. Compliant participants exhibited higher mean scores compared to non-compliant users, with respective increases in the physical domain from 52.47 to 60.21 (p < 0.001), psychological from 50.93 to 58.32 (p < 0.001), social from 48.36 to 57.14 (p < 0.001), and environmental from 47.82 to 55.79 (p < 0.001). Additionally, education showed a protective effect, particularly enhancing environmental QoL (estimate = 0.33, p = 0.013). Methadone compliance and higher education levels were identified as significant predictors of improved QoL among opiate users, demonstrating the critical importance of adherence to treatment protocols and the supportive role of education in enhancing life quality. These findings highlight the necessity for integrated treatment programs and educational interventions to improve the well-being of individuals battling opioid addiction, advocating for policy enhancements and supportive measures tailored to this demographic.