“…Meanwhile, numerous studies show that WOM is motivated by many underlying factors, such as self-enhancement, emotions, social considerations, images, economic incentives, etc. (Anderson 1998, Hennig-Thurau et al 2004, Schlosser 2005, Albuquerque et al 2012, Lovett et al 2013, Toubia and Stephen 2013, and is also affected by external factors, such as product characteristics, quality, and content type (Dellarocas and Narayan 2006, Berger and Schwartz 2011, Berger and Milkman 2012, Lovett et al 2013. One implication of this stream of literature is that WOM reflects but may not accurately represent customers' underlying opinions.…”