Evaluating plant performance with endospores

Rice, Eugene W.; Fox, Kim R.; Miltner, Richard J.; Lytle, Darren A.; Johnson, Clifford H.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1996.tb06618.x

Cited by 96 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Current enumeration techniques to measure C. parvum concentrations in drinking water are cumbersome, expensive, and time-consuming and are not appropriate for routine monitoring (7,28). Microbial indicators (or surrogates) of these pathogens could potentially be used to evaluate the efficacy of disinfection during water treatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbial indicators (or surrogates) of these pathogens could potentially be used to evaluate the efficacy of disinfection during water treatment. Aerobic spores of the bacterial genus Bacillus have been proposed as potential candidates for such an evaluation (22,28). Comparative studies are needed in order to relate the chlorine dioxide inactivation of microbial indicators, such as Bacillus spores, to that of G. lamblia and C. parvum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlorine Dioxide Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts and Bacterial Spore Indicators

Chauret

Radziminski

Lepuil

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

108

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Cryptosporidium parvum, which is resistant to chlorine concentrations typically used in water treatment, is recognized as a significant waterborne pathogen. Recent studies have demonstrated that chlorine dioxide is a more efficient disinfectant than free chlorine against Cryptosporidium oocysts. It is not known, however, if oocysts from different suppliers are equally sensitive to chlorine dioxide. This study used both a most-probablenumber-cell culture infectivity assay and in vitro excystation to evaluate chlorine dioxide inactivation kinetics in laboratory water at pH 8 and 21°C. The two viability methods produced significantly different results (P < 0.05). Products of disinfectant concentration and contact time (Ct values) of 1,000 mg ⅐ min/liter were needed to inactivate approximately 0.5 log 10 and 2.0 log 10 units (99% inactivation) of C. parvum as measured by in vitro excystation and cell infectivity, respectively, suggesting that excystation is not an adequate viability assay. Purified oocysts originating from three different suppliers were evaluated and showed marked differences with respect to their resistance to inactivation when using chlorine dioxide. Ct values of 75, 550, and 1,000 mg ⅐ min/liter were required to achieve approximately 2.0 log 10 units of inactivation with oocysts from different sources. Finally, the study compared the relationship between easily measured indicators, including Bacillus subtilis (aerobic) spores and Clostridium sporogenes (anaerobic) spores, and C. parvum oocysts. The bacterial spores were found to be more sensitive to chlorine dioxide than C. parvum oocysts and therefore could not be used as direct indicators of C. parvum inactivation for this disinfectant. In conclusion, it is suggested that future studies address issues such as oocyst purification protocols and the genetic diversity of C. parvum, since these factors might affect oocyst disinfection sensitivity.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorine Dioxide Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts and Bacterial Spore Indicators

Chauret

Radziminski

Lepuil

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

108

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“…Nieminski et al (16) did not report the growth and spread of Bacillus subtilis or aerobic bacteria spores inside the filter media, but Rice et al (19) described that the spores do not spread in several treatment processes. They considered that the simplicity of the method for determining endospores, the availability of indigenous populations of spores in typical waters, and their measurable presence in waters after filtration make them potentially useful tools for pilot studies and determination of filtering performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the concentration of protozoa and surrogates in effluents of the slow sand filtration for water treatment

Heller¹,

Vieira²,

Brito³

et al. 2007

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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Currently, a major challenge on producing high-quality drinking water is to monitor pathogens, such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium and enteric viruses. Due to limitations of the analytical methods available to detect pathogens in water, the research of surrogate indicators is an up-to-date subject. In view of these aspects, a pilot scale study was performed to evaluate the association between microbiological and physical indicators and the presence of Giardia spp and Cryptosporidium sp in the effluent of upflow and downflow slow sand filters. The results showed that efficient bacterial removal could indicate suitable protozoa removal. Although coliforms and Escherichia coli do not present the appropriate physiological profile for an "ideal" indicator, they are still good references for drinking water microbiological quality, specifically for slow sand filtration. The results also point out to the need of deeper researches about the use of anaerobic spores as routine indicator. Regarding the control of Cryptosporidium outbreaks, the expectation that a single indicator will satisfy all purposes is unreal. It may be more useful to know the advantages and disadvantages of several indicators, and integrate them appropriately.

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“…Protozoan cysts from organisms which cause giardiasis are the most frequently identified cause of waterborne diseases in developed countries [6,7]. The use of aerobic bacterial endospores to monitor the efficiency of various water treatments has been shown to provide a reliable and simple indicator of overall performance of water treatment [8,9].The efficacy of IR radiation for water disinfection compared to UV treatment has been further investigated in the present study. In addition FTIR spectroscopy in conjunction with Principle Component Analysis was used to characterise structural changes within the bacterial cells and endospores following IR laser treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation and Structural Changes of E. Cloacae and B. Subtilis Endospores during IR Laser Water Treatment

Ede¹,

Hafner²,

Frost³

et al. 2012

Hydrol Current Res

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The efficiency of CO 2 infrared (IR) laser irradiation to disinfect water containing E. cloacae and B. subtilis endospores was determined and compared to ultraviolet (UV) treatment. Cell viability decreased with IR laser treatment for E. cloacae; however, increased viable cell concentrations were observed in B. subtilis endospores. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the chemometric method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to examine cell changes. Increased carbohydrate content was observed in E. cloacae after IR laser treatment.

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Evaluating plant performance with endospores

Cited by 96 publications

References 5 publications

Chlorine Dioxide Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts and Bacterial Spore Indicators

Chlorine Dioxide Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts and Bacterial Spore Indicators

Association between the concentration of protozoa and surrogates in effluents of the slow sand filtration for water treatment

Inactivation and Structural Changes of E. Cloacae and B. Subtilis Endospores during IR Laser Water Treatment

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