Evaluating physical-mechanical properties and long periods environmental risk of fired clay bricks incorporated with electroplating sludge

Dai, Zhuqing; Wu, Yunqiu; Hu, Linchao; Zhang, Wenyi; Mao, Linqiang

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116716

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The ESB 8% and ESB 1 higher values of water absorption compared to the control brick (18.3%). The lo absorption value (observed for the ESB 4%) is similar to the outcomes of studies by Dai et al (2019) [23] and Pérez-Villarejo et al ( 2015) [16]. Even though th The trend of the graph suggests that the water absorption of bricks with the addition of electroplating sludge up to 6% is lower than that of the control brick.…”

Section: Water Absorptionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…However, it can be observed that dry density decreases proportionally with the increment of electroplating sludge up to 8% and declines sharply when reaching 10%. During the firing process at elevated temperatures, the water is evaporated as steam, and organic substances are converted into combustible gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide [23,24].…”

Section: Dry Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immobilization of Metals in Fired Clay Brick Incorporated with Aluminium-Rich Electroplating Sludge: Properties and Leaching Analysis

et al. 2022

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Electroplating sludge is the hazardous waste discarded from the plating and extractive metallurgical process which can only be disposed of at a secured landfill. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties, as well as metal leaching analysis, of fired clay brick incorporated with electroplating sludge (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) were determined. The physical and mechanical properties of bricks, such as firing shrinkage, dry density, initial rate of absorption, water absorption and compressive strength, were tested according to British standard 3921:1985 and British standard EN772:1. Furthermore, the metal leachability was determined by using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) method 1311. The results show that the utilization of an electroplating-sludge brick up to 4% could enhance physical and mechanical properties, such as reducing the water absorption from 18.3% to 16.1% and increasing the compressive strength from 25.6 MPa to 41.6 MPa. The result also show that 4% of aluminium-rich electroplating sludge incorporated into the brick is the most suitable amount, as it leached less metal concentration and complied with USEPA standards. The metals which were most present in the electroplating sludge (aluminium and iron) drastically reduced from 193,000 ppm to 0.1372 ppm and from 4160 ppm to 0.144 ppm, respectively. Therefore, the electroplating sludge could be fully utilized in the fired clay brick as an alternative to producing low-cost building materials whilst decreasing the levels of disposal of metal sludge on the secured landfill.

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Section: Water Absorptionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Dry Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of Metals in Fired Clay Brick Incorporated with Aluminium-Rich Electroplating Sludge: Properties and Leaching Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, the use of such waste in large-scale brick manufacturing can minimize the environmental impact of OPBA disposal, reduce the overuse of natural clay deposits in brick production, and develop environmentally friendly and sustainable construction materials that consume less energy. Clay/Rice husk ash [16] Clay/ BoƩom ash [19] Clay/Wood ash [16] Present Study Fig. 16 Thermal conductivity vs. density of the different materials compared with the present study results…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…This study aims to advance the recyclability of this waste thought using it as clay substitute raw material in fired clay brick manufacturing, visualizing its effect on the thermal, physical, and mechanical properties and optimizing the quantity of the ash to be added. Most previous studies have followed a controlled firing temperature in a laboratory scale to prepare bricks [5,19,21,22]. However, conventional bricks are generally manufactured on a large scale using a brick kiln.…”

Section: Research Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The choice of this waste did not come randomly. Olive growing is a very flourishing sector of the Moroccan economy; thanks to the Green Morocco Plan launched in 2008, the national olivegrowing area grew by 63%, from 641,000 ha in 2002/2003 compared to 1,450,000 ha in 2017/2018 (76% of the target set by 2021) [19]. Therefore, in the upcoming days, olive and olive oil production will grow, and thus the generation of the waste derived from it will be significant as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recycling of Olive Pomace Bottom Ash (by-Product of the Clay Brick Industry) for Manufacturing Sustainable Fired Clay Bricks

Boukili

Ouakarrouch

Lechheb

et al. 2021

Silicon

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The present work investigates the effect of using olive pomace bottom ash, the by-product of the clay brick industry, as an additive in the manufacture of fired clay bricks. Furthermore, it aims to improve the properties of clay bricks by using naturally available materials and also to develop an innovative way of recycling the waste resulting from the brick firing process. Olive pomace bottom ash was added to clay with multiple proportions (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) by weight. Bricks were molded by compression at 6.5 MPa, using a hydraulic brick press machine, and fired in an industrial scale furnace. The physicochemical, mineral, and geotechnical properties of raw materials were identified to study raw materials' effect on the final fired products' performance. The quality of fired specimens was determined by bulk density, linear shrinkage, water absorption, porosity, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity. In fact, samples with 5% olive pomace ash represent the highest compressive strength level, 11.5 MPa, compared to 9.65 MPa of reference samples. On the other hand, additions up to 20% increase the brick sample's porosity from 18.28% to 34% for the reference mixture and the brick incorporated with 20% of additive, respectively, and decrease the brick's bulk density from 1522 kg/m 3 to 1431 kg/m 3 for the reference mixture and the brick incorporated with 20% of additive, respectively. The incorporation of ash also improves the thermal conductivity of brick specimens. Expressly, thermal conductivity went from 0.41 W/m.K to 0.33 W/m.K for the reference mixture and the brick incorporated with 20% of additive, respectively, showing 37% of gain in thermal insulating properties of brick. Unfortunately, the capillary water absorption coefficient increases to 28% when 20% of additive is incorporated, which is not desired in the properties of construction materials. ASTMC67-07a standards: 2003, recommend water absorption level less than 17% for bricks with moderate weathering resistance. It was concluded that the addition of olive pomace bottom ash should not exceed 10% since it can be helpful in fired clay brick production based on standards requirements, leading to remarkable ecological gains without a loss of brick's performances.

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Kiln-fired clay bricks synergizing nickel–chromium plating sludge and fly ash: mechanical characteristics and cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment

Tyagi

Routroy²,

Singhal³

et al. 2022

Clean Techn Environ Policy

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Evaluating physical-mechanical properties and long periods environmental risk of fired clay bricks incorporated with electroplating sludge

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Immobilization of Metals in Fired Clay Brick Incorporated with Aluminium-Rich Electroplating Sludge: Properties and Leaching Analysis

Immobilization of Metals in Fired Clay Brick Incorporated with Aluminium-Rich Electroplating Sludge: Properties and Leaching Analysis

Recycling of Olive Pomace Bottom Ash (by-Product of the Clay Brick Industry) for Manufacturing Sustainable Fired Clay Bricks

Kiln-fired clay bricks synergizing nickel–chromium plating sludge and fly ash: mechanical characteristics and cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment

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