Evaluating Physical and Fiscal Water Leakage in Water Distribution System

Abstract

With increasing population, the need for research ideas on the field of reducing wastage of water can save a big amount of water, money, time, and energy. Water leakage (WL) is an essential problem in the field of water supply field. This research is focused on real water loss in the water distribution system located in Ethiopia. Top-down and bursts and background estimates (BABE) methodology is performed to assess the data and the calibration process of the WL variables. The top-down method assists to quantify the water loss by the record and observation throughout the distribution network. In addition, the BABE approach gives a specific water leakage and burst information. The geometrical mean method is used to forecast the population up to 2023 along with their fiscal value by the uniform tariff method. With respect to the revenue lost, 42575 Br and 42664 Br or in 1562$ and 1566$ were lost in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The next five-year population was forecasted to estimate the possible amount of water to be saved, which was about 549627 m3 and revenue 65,111$ to make the system more efficient. The results suggested that the majority of losses were due to several components of the distribution system including pipe-joint failure, relatively older age pipes, poor repairing and maintenance of water taps, pipe joints and shower taps, negligence of the consumer and unreliable water supply. As per the research findings, recommendations were proposed on minimizing water leakage.

Laundry wastewater treatment using a combination of sand filter, bio-char and teff straw media

“…Hence, 5.3% laundry water demand was estimated from the total water demand of the university. However, 18.6% water loss of the total water intake per month in the campus have been reported in a thesis submitted by a graduating research student 44,45 .…”

Cross Assessment of Twenty-One Different Methods for Missing Precipitation Data Estimation

“…The study area is located in the upper Blue Nile Basin. The study area contains dry and arid areas and is indexed as a dry/arid climate [25].…”

“…The study area is located in the upper Blue Nile Basin. The study area contains dry and arid areas and is indexed as a dry/arid climate [25]. The average values of the annual precipitation and temperature in the study area are 94.25 mm and 17 °C, respectively.…”

Applying the Water-Energy Nexus for Water Supply—A Diagnostic Review on Energy Use for Water Provision in Africa

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