Evaluating Permeable Clay Brick Pavement for Pollutant Removal from Varying Strength Stormwaters in Arid Regions

Shafiquzzaman, Md.; Alqarawi, Saad Mohammed A.; Haider, Husnain; Rafiquzzaman, Md.; Almoshaogeh, Meshal; Alharbi, Fawaz; El‐Ghoul, Yassine

doi:10.3390/w14030491

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…A modified PPS with grass swale can correspondingly reduce TSS, NO 3 -N, NH 3 -N, and TN up to 91%, 66%, 85%, and 42%, whereas heavy metals such as Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, and Zn can be reduced by more than 75% [17]. A recent study by Shafiquzzaman et al [18] reported that a PPS surface made of permeable clay bricks could reduce up to 99% TSS, 65-70% organics (BOD and COD), 70% NH 3 -N, and 94% Pb from polluted stormwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sawdust Recycling in the Development of Permeable Clay Paving Bricks: Optimizing Mixing Ratio and Particle Size

et al. 2022

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The permeable pavement system (PPS) has effectively contributed to stormwater management as a low-impact development (LID) technology. The suitability of clay bricks, consolidated with waste materials, for sustainable PPS applications in urban infrastructure needs further attention. In this study, several series of permeable clay paving bricks samples were prepared by mixing different ratios and particle sizes of sawdust (SD) with clay soil and firing at 900 °C. The raw soil and SD samples were characterized through sieve analysis, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The bricks were tested for their compressive strength, bulk density, apparent porosity, water adsorption, permeability coefficient, and stormwater treatment efficiency. The clay soil comprised 17.5% clay/silt with appropriate amounts of SiO2 (50.47%), Al2O3 (19.14%), and fluxing agents (15.34%) and was suitable for brick manufacturing. XRD and FTIR analysis revealed that the soil predominantly comprises quartz, dolomite calcite, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, and chlorites. The SD samples were enriched with amorphous and crystalline cellulose. The compressive strength of the bricks decreased, while the permeability of the bricks increased with an increasing percentage of SD. An optimal percentage of 10% SD achieved a 21.2 MPa compressive strength and a 0.0556 m/s permeability coefficient, meeting the ASTM specifications for PPS. The optimal size of SD, between 0.5 and 1.0 mm, achieved the desired compressive strength of the bricks. The permeable bricks effectively removed the total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, and BOD5 from the stormwater, which complies with the guidelines for wastewater reuse applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sawdust Recycling in the Development of Permeable Clay Paving Bricks: Optimizing Mixing Ratio and Particle Size

et al. 2022

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Land Use Land Cover (LULC) and Surface Water Quality Assessment in and around Selected Dams of Jharkhand using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Geographic Information System (GIS)

Pandey

Kumari

Nawajish

2023

Journal of the Geological Society of India

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Surface water quality deterioration is mainly occurring due to anthropogenic activities at an alarming rate in developing countries. Jharkhand has been undergoing exponential urbanisation and mining, causing immense surface water pollution and water stress. The state is heavily dependent on artificial dams for its daily water supply demands. Therefore, an effort is made to monitor and ascertain the surface water quality and the influence of nearby land use pattern on water quality, in the selected five dams, namely, Hatia dam, Kanke dam, Getalsud dam, Galudih barrage, and Chandil dam are done. These dams are built on the Subarnarekha river basin, located in the Jharkhand state on a seasonal basis and associated land use land cover (LULC) changes, changes in vegetation cover using normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and water body changes using normalised difference water index (NDWI) that have occurred in a 5-year gap i.e. 2016 and 2021. The secondary data for the year 2016 was obtained from the Jharkhand pollution control board report published by the government of Jharkhand, India. For the year 2021, the samples were collected from sampling sites for pre, post and monsoon seasons. The chemical analysis of collected water samples was done in the laboratory for parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total calcium and magnesium, hardness, total dissolved and suspended solids, alkalinity, chlorine etc. and compared with the standard values prescribed by world health organisation (WHO) and Indian standards (IS) 10500:2012. The seasonal water quality status was analysed using the water quality index (WQI) for the pre, post and monsoon seasons of 2016 and 2021. Then, the use of supervised classification method for land use land cover (LULC), normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalised difference water index (NDWI) was opted to understand the relation between the change in water quality and quantity concerning its land use and land cover, by comparison of results from the year 2016 to 2021. LULC were found using the supervised maximum likelihood classification method in ArcGIS and its accuracy was checked using the kappa accuracy method, which was found to be varying from 87 to 95% for all sites. The results showed that the overall water quality varied from good to poor indicating that it can be used for human activities but may need pre-treatment before drinking. NDWI showed a massive increase in severe drought areas for Hatia, Kanke, Chandil and Galudih barrage, whereas moderate drought regions increased for Hatia, Getalsud, and Kanke. NDVI showed dense and moderate vegetation both decreased massively for all the dam sites indicating an alarming situation and the need to adopt better land management practices.

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Water Oriented City—A ‘5 Scales’ System of Blue and Green Infrastructure in Sponge Cities Supporting the Retention of the Urban Fabric

Zaręba

Krzemińska

Adynkiewicz-Piragas

et al. 2022

Water

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The article presented methods of urban development in terms of the application of the ‘sponge city’ concept, as well as the possibility of introducing different hydro-engineering solutions into the urban fabric that allow infiltration and retention at various scales of spatial planning. The aim of the paper was to indicate which specific solutions can be used in the city in multi-dimensional and multi-functional systems. As a result of the research, the concept of a ‘5-scales’ diffusion of blue–green infrastructure elements was presented. Elements of this system are based on multi-scale blue–green infrastructure, creating a patchwork of ‘blue connections’ that fit into the city ‘green’ natural system and have a connection with urban rainwater drainage. These five elements together allow for the infiltration and retention of rainwater, and can be used in the design of ecologically sustainable water-oriented cities in the future.

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Evaluating Permeable Clay Brick Pavement for Pollutant Removal from Varying Strength Stormwaters in Arid Regions

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Sawdust Recycling in the Development of Permeable Clay Paving Bricks: Optimizing Mixing Ratio and Particle Size

Sawdust Recycling in the Development of Permeable Clay Paving Bricks: Optimizing Mixing Ratio and Particle Size

Land Use Land Cover (LULC) and Surface Water Quality Assessment in and around Selected Dams of Jharkhand using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Geographic Information System (GIS)

Water Oriented City—A ‘5 Scales’ System of Blue and Green Infrastructure in Sponge Cities Supporting the Retention of the Urban Fabric

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