Evaluating permanent seismic monitoring with shallow buried sensors in a desert environment

Bakulin, Andrey; Burnstad, Roy; Jervis, Michael; Kelamis, Panos G.

doi:10.1190/segam2012-0951.1

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…On the other hand, deploying receivers at depth (Figure 9) can improve the S/N as they sample the weaker energy of the direct and scattered surface waves (Figure 10c and 10d). A recent field data study by Bakulin et al (2012) agrees with our numerical results and demonstrates the S/N improvement due to deploying the sources and receivers at depth. Bakulin et al (2012) also look into using dual-sensor data (geophones and hydrophones) to reduce ghost reflections from the free surface to further improve the stacked section.…”

Section: A) B)supporting

confidence: 79%

Numerical modeling of elastic-wave scattering by near-surface heterogeneities

Almuhaidib

Toksöz

2014

GEOPHYSICS

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In land seismic data, scattering from surface and near-surface heterogeneities adds complexity to the recorded signal and masks weak primary reflections. To understand the effects of near-surface heterogeneities on seismic reflections, we simulated seismic-wave scattering from arbitrary-shaped, shallow, subsurface heterogeneities through the use of a perturbation method for elastic waves and finite-difference forward modeling. The near-surface scattered wavefield was modeled by looking at the difference between the calculated incident (i.e., in the absence of scatterers) and the total wavefields. Wave propagation was simulated for several earth models with different nearsurface characteristics to isolate and quantify the influence of scattering on the quality of the seismic signal. The results indicated that the direct surface waves and the upgoing reflections were scattered by the near-surface heterogeneities. The scattering took place from body waves to surface waves and from surface waves to body waves. The scattered waves consisted mostly of body waves scattered to surface waves and were, generally, as large as, or larger than, the reflections. They often obscured weak primary reflections and could severely degrade the image quality. The results indicated that the scattered energy depended strongly on the properties of the shallow scatterers and increased with increasing impedance contrast, increasing size of the scatterers relative to the incident wavelength, decreasing depth of the scatterers, and increasing attenuation factor of the background medium. Also, sources deployed at depth generated weak surface waves, whereas deep receivers recorded weak surface and scattered body-to-surface waves. The analysis and quantified results helped in the understanding of the scattering mechanisms and, therefore, could lead to developing new acquisition and processing techniques to reduce the scattered surface wave and enhance the quality of the seismic image.

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Section: A) B)supporting

confidence: 79%

Numerical modeling of elastic-wave scattering by near-surface heterogeneities

Almuhaidib

Toksöz

2014

GEOPHYSICS

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“…Another technology that attempts to overcome the impact of the near surface is virtual-source seismic (Bakulin and Calvert, 2004). This method performs time-reversal redatuming of surface shots to the location of downhole geophones ( Figure 26).…”

Section: Land 4d Seismic Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Applications of Time-lapse Seismic Data

Johnston

2013

121

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“…These advancements should lead to improved reservoir monitoring and better signal-tonoise (Landro and Skopintseva, 2008). Also, permanently cemented shallow seismic sensors are being tested for frequent monitoring of the injection of carbon dioxide (Bakulin et al, 2012). Continuous active-source monitoring is being developed in a variety of settings, including crosswell and vertical seismic profiling configurations, for the monitoring of fluid movement within the subsurface (AjoFranklin et al, 2011;Daley et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoir characterization based upon the onset of time-lapse amplitude changes

et al. 2015

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Time-lapse geophysical monitoring has potential as a tool for reservoir characterization, that is, for determining reservoir properties such as permeability. Onset times, the calendar times at which geophysical observations begin to deviate from their initial or background values, provide a useful basis for such characterization. We found that, in contrast to time-lapse amplitude changes, onset times were not sensitive to the exact method used to related changes in fluid saturation to changes in seismic velocities. As a consequence of this, we found that an inversion for effective permeability based upon onset times was robust with respect to variations in the rock-physics model. In particular, inversions of synthetic onset times calculated using Voigt and Reuss averaging techniques, but inverted using sensitivities from Hill's averaging method, resulted in almost identical misfit reductions and similar permeability models. All solutions based on onset times recovered the large-scale, resolvable features of the reference model. Synthetic tests indicated that reliable onset times can be obtained from noisy seismic amplitudes. Testing also indicated that large-scale permeability variations can be recovered even if we used onset times from seismic surveys that were spaced as much as 300 days apart.

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Evaluating permanent seismic monitoring with shallow buried sensors in a desert environment

Cited by 35 publications

References 2 publications

Numerical modeling of elastic-wave scattering by near-surface heterogeneities

Numerical modeling of elastic-wave scattering by near-surface heterogeneities

Practical Applications of Time-lapse Seismic Data

Reservoir characterization based upon the onset of time-lapse amplitude changes

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