“…Currently, the concept of fractal theory has been extended and applied to many disciplines, such as medicine, nance, geophysics, hydrology, remote sensing and social sciences, in addition to other studies of nonlinear or stochastic processes (Ihlen 2012, Labat et al 2011. In hydrology, fractal theory has been employed to explore the variability of rainfall processes (Sivakumar 2001), scaling behaviour of precipitation runoff and sediments (Wu et al 2018), complexity of the rock distribution in rivers (Dwyer et al 2021), long-range correlation of runoff (Zhao et al 2017), and particle deposition during arti cial groundwater recharge (Wang et al 2021).…”